# Chapitre 3 : Coupe du monde et tournois continentaux

Football · Chapitre 3 : Coupe du monde et tournois continentaux · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/fr/football/interesting-facts/chapter-3-world-cup-continental-tournaments/)

How the great tournaments took shape: World Cup origins and formats, mascots, qualifying firsts, the European Championship and Copa América, the club world events before 2025, forgotten trophies, Asia and Oceania, and the youth World Cups.

## 3.31 Origines et formats des tournois

Comment la Coupe du monde est passée de 13 à 48 équipes, comment le Championnat d'Europe et la Copa América ont commencé, et quelques premières liées aux pays hôtes et aux formats.

### Test 1: Origines et formats de la Coupe du monde, du Championnat d'Europe et de la Copa América

- La Coupe du monde est passée de 13 équipes en 1930 à 16 à partir de 1954, 24 à partir de 1982, 32 à partir de 1998 et 48 à partir du tournoi 2026. (Source: FIFA, fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/world-cup-format-evolution-change-history-1930-2026)
- L'Union soviétique a battu la Yougoslavie 2-1 après prolongation lors de la première finale de la Coupe d'Europe des nations, à Paris en 1960. (Source: UEFA, uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/025a-0eb0ecf360cc-a9532565e049-1000--euro-1960-all-you-need-to-know)
- La compétition a débuté en 1960 sous le nom de Coupe d'Europe des nations et a été rebaptisée Championnat d'Europe de l'UEFA en 1968. (Source: UEFA, uefa.com/uefaeuro/history)
- Le tournoi devenu la Copa América a débuté en 1916, organisé par l'Argentine pour le centenaire de son indépendance ; l'Uruguay l'a remporté, et la même réunion a fondé la CONMEBOL. (Source: Copa America official site, copaamerica.com/en/news/110-years-conmebol-copa-america)
- 1950 reste la seule Coupe du monde sans finale unique : le champion est sorti d'une poule à quatre équipes, dont le dernier match (la victoire de l'Uruguay sur le Brésil) a fait office de finale de fait. (Source: Historiques recoupés du format de la Coupe du monde 1950)
- La FIFA a choisi l'Uruguay en partie parce qu'il célébrait le centenaire de sa première Constitution et avait conservé son titre olympique de football aux Jeux de 1928. (Source: Library of Congress World Cup research guide, guides.loc.gov/world-cup/uruguay-1930)
- Le Brésil est la seule équipe à s'être qualifiée pour toutes les Coupes du monde, y compris l'édition 2026, sans jamais en avoir manqué une. (Source: Britannica, britannica.com/sports/Which-National-Teams-Have-Participated-in-the-FIFA-World-Cup)
- La Coupe du monde 2026 a été co-organisée par le Canada, le Mexique et les États-Unis, la première fois que trois nations se partageaient l'organisation. (Source: FIFA, fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/fifa-world-cup-2026-hosts-cities-dates-usa-mexico-canada)
- Les Coupes du monde de 1942 et de 1946 ont toutes deux été annulées à cause de la guerre et de ses suites, laissant un intervalle de 12 ans entre les tournois de 1938 et de 1950. (Source: Historiques recoupés des annulations de la Coupe du monde en temps de guerre)
- La FIFA a déplacé le tournoi 2022 en novembre-décembre à cause de la chaleur estivale extrême du Qatar, la première Coupe du monde disputée hors de son créneau traditionnel de juin-juillet. (Source: Al Jazeera, aljazeera.com/sports/2015/2/24/fifa-recommends-winter-world-cup-for-qatar)

## 3.32 Coupes continentales, trophées et curiosités de format

Les autres championnats continentaux et leurs débuts, le trophée actuel de la Coupe du monde, et deux véritables curiosités de format qui n'ont eu lieu qu'une fois.

### Test 1: Championnats continentaux, trophée de la Coupe du monde et curiosités de format

- La première Coupe d'Afrique des nations s'est tenue au Soudan en février 1957 avec seulement trois équipes ; l'Égypte a battu l'Éthiopie 4-0 en finale. (Source: Historiques recoupés de la Coupe d'Afrique des nations 1957)
- Le modèle en or massif du sculpteur italien Silvio Gazzaniga, représentant deux figures soutenant le globe, a remplacé le trophée Jules-Rimet à partir de la Coupe du monde 1974. (Source: FIFA, fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/silvio-gazzaniga-trophy-museum)
- Les États-Unis ont battu la Norvège 2-1 en finale de la première Coupe du monde féminine de la FIFA, disputée dans le Guangdong, en Chine, en novembre 1991. (Source: FIFA, fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/fifa-womens-world-cup-china-1991)
- La première Coupe d'Asie des nations de l'AFC était un championnat à quatre équipes disputé à Hong Kong en 1956, sans finale unique ; la Corée du Sud l'a remportée. (Source: Historiques recoupés de la Coupe d'Asie des nations 1956 de l'AFC)
- La phase finale de l'Euro est passée de 4 équipes en 1960 à 8 en 1980, 16 en 1996 et 24 à partir de 2016. (Source: Historiques recoupés des élargissements successifs du format du Championnat d'Europe)
- Le Portugal a battu les Pays-Bas 1-0 en finale de la première Ligue des nations de l'UEFA, disputée à l'Estádio do Dragão, à Porto, le 9 juin 2019. (Source: Historiques recoupés de la Ligue des nations de l'UEFA 2018-19)
- La CONCACAF a remplacé son ancien Championnat par une nouvelle Gold Cup en 1991 ; les États-Unis, pays hôte, ont remporté la première édition, à huit équipes. (Source: Historiques recoupés de la Gold Cup 1991 de la CONCACAF)
- La pandémie a repoussé l'Euro 2020 à juin-juillet 2021, tout en lui conservant son nom d'origine ; pour marquer le 60e anniversaire de la compétition, il a été organisé dans 11 villes de 11 pays différents. (Source: Historiques recoupés de l'Euro 2020 de l'UEFA)
- L'Allemagne a remporté la dixième et dernière Coupe des confédérations en 2017 ; la FIFA a supprimé en 2019 cette répétition générale de la Coupe du monde, dont elle a donné le créneau à une Coupe du monde des clubs élargie. (Source: Historiques recoupés de la suppression de la Coupe des confédérations de la FIFA)
- Le capitaine italien Giacinto Facchetti a deviné juste lors du tirage au sort après un match nul et vierge, la seule fois qu'un finaliste du Championnat d'Europe de l'UEFA a été désigné de cette manière. (Source: UEFA, uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/0253-0d7b2f5adb06-fa5820ecb86b-1000--coin-toss-takes-italy-to-euro-1968-final-after-ussr-stal)

## 3.33 World Cup Mascots

From World Cup Willie to Zabivaka: oranges, peppers, roosters, armadillos and wolves.

### Test 1: World Cup mascots

- His name means 'little orange', after the fruit of Valencia. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- He wore a sombrero and a moustache. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- His blocks were in the green, white and red of the Italian flag. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- The Gallic rooster is a national symbol of France. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- The species, which rolls into a ball, is threatened; the choice aimed to raise awareness. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- His name means 'the one who scores'; he wore sports goggles. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- Warner Bros designed the cartoon dog. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- 1966, 1982, 1998 and 2014. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- 1970, 1974, 1994 and 2010. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- The lion wore a Union Jack shirt; mascots have appeared at every World Cup since. (Source: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))

## 3.34 Getting to the World Cup

Hosts who had to qualify, a champion's boycott, the first teams from Africa and Asia and Wales' route in 1958.

### Test 1: World Cup qualifying firsts

- Italy beat Greece 4-0 to qualify for their own tournament. (Source: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- Only four European teams had travelled to Montevideo four years earlier. (Source: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- They lost 6-0 to Hungary in their only match. (Source: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- Israel's Asian and African opponents had refused to play them, and FIFA would not let a team qualify without a match. (Source: Football Association of Wales, '1958: Wales at the World Cup' (faw.cymru); FIFA)
- Their opponents had all withdrawn too; the costs and planning of the trip to Brazil weighed on the decision. (Source: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- Several Austrian players then appeared for Germany at the tournament. (Source: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- Cuba beat Romania in a replay before losing 8-0 to Sweden. (Source: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- 1934, 1938, 1958 and 1970. (Source: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- 1930, 1938, 1954 and 1970. (Source: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- France, Belgium and Romania took about two weeks to cross to Montevideo in 1930. (Source: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))

## 3.35 Euro Curiosities

Golden and silver goals, Platini's nine, Spain's records and the trophy named after Henri Delaunay.

### Test 1: European Championship trivia

- The Soviet Union beat Hungary 3-1 in Moscow. (Source: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- The Soviet Union went through and won the first tournament. (Source: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- Spain won 2-1 in Madrid in front of about 79,000. (Source: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- Ponedelnik headed the winner against Yugoslavia in extra time in Paris. (Source: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- They won 3-0 in Brussels, with two goals from Gerd Müller. (Source: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- From 1980 eight teams took part in the finals. (Source: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- His second, a header, came two minutes from time in Rome. (Source: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- 1960, 1964, 1968 and 1972. (Source: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- 1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988. (Source: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- The stadium had taken the club president's name in 1955. (Source: Real Madrid, 'Santiago Bernabéu stadium history' (realmadrid.com); UEFA, '1964 final' report)

## 3.36 Copa América Stories

Guest teams, a tournament with no host, Friedenreich's winner, Chile's first title and a jeweller's cup.

### Test 1: Copa America trivia

- Mexico lost 2-1 to Argentina in Guayaquil. (Source: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- It marked 100 years of the competition and was the first edition outside South America; Chile won. (Source: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- The format lasted for three editions, until 1983. (Source: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- He scored the only goal, in extra time of a play-off against Uruguay in Rio. (Source: CBF, 'Seleção: títulos' (cbf.com.br); CONMEBOL)
- Iván Córdoba headed the only goal of the final against Mexico in Bogotá. (Source: Federación Colombiana de Fútbol, 'Colombia campeón de la Copa América 2001' (fcf.com.co); CONMEBOL)
- Colombia and Argentina had been due to share it; Argentina won the final at the Maracanã. (Source: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- Qatar, the next World Cup hosts, took part for the first time. (Source: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- 1916, 1919, 1993 and 2001. (Source: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- 1975, 1993, 2016 and 2021. (Source: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- The Argentine association bought it from the Casa Escasany jewellers. (Source: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))

## 3.37 Before the Club World Cup

The Intercontinental Cup, the Toyota Cup in Tokyo and FIFA's first club championships.

### Test 1: Club world competitions before 2025

- Real drew 0-0 in Montevideo and won 5-1 in Madrid. (Source: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- Six players were sent off; Racing won 1-0. (Source: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- Several Estudiantes players were punished by the Argentine authorities after the second leg. (Source: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- Waldemar Victorino scored the only goal. (Source: FIFA, 'Toyota Cup 1980: Nacional v Nottingham Forest' (inside.fifa.com); Club Nacional de Football (nacional.uy))
- The FA and the government backed the move to help England's bid for the 2006 World Cup. (Source: Manchester United, 'Why we left the FA Cup in 1999-2000' (manutd.com))
- They beat Once Caldas of Colombia on penalties in Yokohama. (Source: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- Runners-up such as Panathinaikos and Atlético Madrid took their places. (Source: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- 1960, 1967, 1980 and 2004. (Source: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- 1960, 1967, 1980 and 2003. (Source: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- The Toyota Cup was played in Japan every year until 2004. (Source: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)

## 3.38 Forgotten Trophies

The Lipton Trophy, the Mitropa Cup, the Fairs Cup, the Latin Cup, the Intertoto and the Copa Rio.

### Test 1: Discontinued competitions

- The amateur side from County Durham had also won the first edition, in 1909. (Source: West Auckland Town FC, 'The first World Cup' (westaucklandtownfc.co.uk))
- He offered it for a tournament between clubs from Britain, Italy, Germany and Switzerland. (Source: West Auckland Town FC, 'The first World Cup' (westaucklandtownfc.co.uk))
- Real Madrid and Barcelona each won it twice. (Source: UEFA, 'The Latin Cup' (uefa.com))
- Clubs played it in the summer, before the domestic season began. (Source: UEFA, 'UEFA Intertoto Cup' (uefa.com))
- Palmeiras beat Juventus in the final at the Maracanã. (Source: SE Palmeiras, 'Copa Rio 1951' (palmeiras.com.br))
- Swindon were awarded the trophy. (Source: Swindon Town FC, 'Anglo-Italian Cup 1970' heritage pages (swindontownfc.co.uk))
- Chelsea beat Manchester City 5-4 in the first final in 1986. (Source: Chelsea FC, 'Full Members' Cup 1986' (chelseafc.com); The FA, 1985 European ban)
- 1909, 1949, 1970 and 1985. (Source: Wolverhampton Wanderers, 'Texaco Cup 1971' heritage pages (wolves.co.uk))
- 1957, 1975, 1992 and 2008. (Source: UEFA, 'UEFA Intertoto Cup' (uefa.com))
- Short of money for the second trip, some players pawned possessions to travel. (Source: West Auckland Town FC, 'The first World Cup' (westaucklandtownfc.co.uk))

## 3.39 Asia and Oceania

India's Asian Games golds, Iran's three in a row, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Australia and Tahiti.

### Test 1: Asian and Oceanian football

- They beat Iran in the 1951 final in New Delhi and South Korea in Jakarta in 1962. (Source: All India Football Federation, 'Asian Games gold 1951 and 1962' (the-aiff.com))
- Australia won 2-1 after extra time in Sydney, nine years after joining the Asian confederation. (Source: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- They beat Japan 3-1 in the final in Abu Dhabi and kept the title at home in 2024. (Source: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- Australia did not enter the first edition. (Source: OFC, 'OFC Nations Cup history' (oceaniafootball.com))
- They beat Saudi Arabia 1-0 in the final. (Source: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- Iran won in 1968, 1972 and 1976. (Source: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- Two of those titles were won on penalties. (Source: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- 1968, 1992, 2015 and 2019. (Source: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- 1951, 1973, 2013 and 2024. (Source: OFC, 'OFC Nations Cup history' (oceaniafootball.com))
- Tahiti qualified by winning the 2012 OFC Nations Cup, the first time a side other than Australia or New Zealand had won it. (Source: FIFA, 'FIFA Confederations Cup Brazil 2013' match reports (inside.fifa.com))

## 3.40 The Youth World Cups

Under-20 and under-17 champions, from Tunisia 1977 to England's double in 2017.

### Test 1: Coupes du monde de jeunes

- The Soviet Union won the under-20 tournament. (Source: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- Argentina beat the Czech Republic 2-1 in the final in Toronto. (Source: AFA, 'Argentina campeón mundial sub-20 Canadá 2007' (afa.com.ar); FIFA)
- He won the best player and top scorer awards, scoring twice from the spot in the final. (Source: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- They beat West Germany 2-0 in the final in Beijing. (Source: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- The 1991 side included Luís Figo and Rui Costa. (Source: Federação Portuguesa de Futebol, 'Campeões do mundo de sub-20' (fpf.pt))
- Both sides won their finals within four months of each other. (Source: The FA, 'England's 2017 summer of success' (englandfootball.com))
- Figo won the award in 2000. (Source: Federação Portuguesa de Futebol, 'Campeões do mundo de sub-20' (fpf.pt))
- 1977, 1985, 2002 and 2008. (Source: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- 1977, 1983, 1991 and 2009. (Source: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- Ghana beat Brazil 4-3 on penalties in Cairo after a goalless final played mostly with ten men. (Source: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))

Sources: Sources primaires et officielles uniquement : FIFA (fifa.com), UEFA (uefa.com), le site officiel de la Copa América (copaamerica.com), le guide de recherche sur la Coupe du monde de la Library of Congress, et un média reconnu (Al Jazeera) pour l'histoire du calendrier de Qatar 2022. Aucune citation de Wikipédia.

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