The knowledge behind every Insporta test: sourced facts, verified rules and the research on sport-specific knowledge.https://book.insporta.app/enhttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/a-question-must-stand-on-its-own/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/a-question-must-stand-on-its-own/Anyone who knows the sport must be able to answer an Insporta question without a source in hand. Questions about what a document says measure nothing.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/evidence-claims-and-safety/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/evidence-claims-and-safety/Explanations are read as settled fact, so contested claims are marked, strong evidence is not hedged, numbers carry dates and safety answers name the channel.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/fact-checking-and-quality-gates/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/fact-checking-and-quality-gates/A batch passes structural checks, a length-signal check, distractor-tell counts, duplicate review and a fact check by a person against the primary source.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/how-distractors-are-built/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/how-distractors-are-built/Each wrong option must be plausible to someone who half-knows the topic and clearly false to someone who knows it, with no invented rules and no absolutes.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/how-insporta-writes-a-test/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/how-insporta-writes-a-test/Every Insporta test is ten questions with four options and one key, written to nine rules that keep it measuring sport knowledge and nothing else.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/levels-and-sub-levels/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/levels-and-sub-levels/Each sport has a ladder of ten levels from Beginner to Professional, split into named sub-levels of tests. Levels are sized to the material, not padded.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/no-question-twice/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/no-question-twice/The bar for a new question is that the question is new, not the topic. Contrapositive pairs, one fact under several tests and perspective tests all fail it.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/reading-load-and-length/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/reading-load-and-length/Stems run 60 to 180 characters, options stay under 80 and within 30 of each other, and the key must not be the longest option more often than chance.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/sources-we-write-from/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/sources-we-write-from/Insporta questions are authored from the IFAB, FIFA, MCC, ICC, World Triathlon and Ironman rulebooks and from coaching literature, cited but never reproduced.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/methodology/what-a-question-may-measure/https://book.insporta.app/methodology/what-a-question-may-measure/An Insporta question tests sport-specific knowledge: rules, tactics, craft, history and context. General cognition, reaction speed and training loads are out.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/science/decision-making-frameworks-and-the-age-of-eleven/https://book.insporta.app/science/decision-making-frameworks-and-the-age-of-eleven/The KNVB decision-making framework, Heisler's finding that quality beats speed with a threshold near age 11, and why the response format changes the result.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/science/does-sport-knowledge-predict-future-level/https://book.insporta.app/science/does-sport-knowledge-predict-future-level/What prospective studies show about sport cognition and later success: Murr (2018) d = 0.81, Ivarsson (2020), Höner (2021, 2023) and the r = .78 benchmark.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/science/executive-functions-what-a-knowledge-test-does-not-measure/https://book.insporta.app/science/executive-functions-what-a-knowledge-test-does-not-measure/Why Insporta names its construct as sport-specific knowledge and excludes executive functions, reaction speed and physical traits, per Beavan and Furley.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/science/how-insporta-applies-the-research/https://book.insporta.app/science/how-insporta-applies-the-research/What the evidence on sport cognition confirms in Insporta's test design, what it suggests next, and what clubs, coaches and players can realistically expect.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/science/how-to-validate-a-sports-knowledge-test/https://book.insporta.app/science/how-to-validate-a-sports-knowledge-test/The four methodological problems named by Bergkamp et al. (2019) and the principles of Williams, Ford and Drust (2020), as the standard Insporta holds to.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/science/references/https://book.insporta.app/science/references/The full list of studies cited in Insporta's science section, from Reinhard, Mann and Höner (2025) to the twelve sources on cognition and talent research.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/science/sport-specific-knowledge-not-generic-brain-training/https://book.insporta.app/science/sport-specific-knowledge-not-generic-brain-training/Why Insporta tests what a player knows about their sport rather than reaction time or abstract puzzles, based on Reinhard, Mann and Höner (2025).Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/science/three-levels-of-cognition-kalen-2021/https://book.insporta.app/science/three-levels-of-cognition-kalen-2021/Kalén et al. (2021) sorted sport cognition into three levels and found that only sport-specific decision-making reliably separates athletes by standard.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/science/what-the-research-says-twelve-sources/https://book.insporta.app/science/what-the-research-says-twelve-sources/An overview of the twelve studies behind Insporta's design, from Kalén's meta-analysis to Bergkamp's critique, and what each means for a knowledge test.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/pressing-triggers-gegenpressing/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/pressing-triggers-gegenpressing/From Michels and Sacchi to Klopp and Iraola: pressing triggers, counterpressing principles, cover shadows, traps, PPDA and high turnovers — and what happens when the press breaks.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/possession-philosophies/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/possession-philosophies/Total Football, Cruyff's Dream Team, tiki-taka, juego de posición and relationism: superiorities, the third man, rondos, possession metrics — and the failure modes of the ball-dominant game.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/direct-counter-attacking-football/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/direct-counter-attacking-football/From Reep and catenaccio to Mourinho, Simeone and Leicester: verticality, transitions, second balls, rest attack, counter metrics — and the modern direct turn of 2025-26.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/playing-out-from-the-back/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/playing-out-from-the-back/Sweeper-keepers, the salida lavolpiana, the +1 principle, inverted full-backs and the 2019 goal-kick law: how modern teams build from the gloves up — and what it costs when it breaks.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/defensive-schemes-the-offside-trap/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/defensive-schemes-the-offside-trap/Law 11 from 1925 to SAOT, pressure-cover-balance, block mechanics, the trap's cues and catastrophes — and the champions built from the back, from Graham's Arsenal to Flick's Barcelona.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/attacking-geometry-half-spaces-width/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/attacking-geometry-half-spaces-width/Halbraum, false nines, inverted wingers, overlap-versus-underlap, wing-back width, five-corridor pitches, cut-backs and box geometry: how modern teams draw the field to make attack.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/set-piece-design-dead-ball-specialists/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/set-piece-design-dead-ball-specialists/From Panenka in Belgrade to Jover at Arsenal and Cueva at Chelsea: corner routines and blockers, in-swingers and out-swingers, walls and Panenkas, long throws and dead-ball specialists — and the failure modes that punish rehearsals gone wrong.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/football-analytics-xg-beyond/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/football-analytics-xg-beyond/From Charles Reep's notebook to StatsBomb 360: xG, PSxG, xA, xT, OBV, VAEP and field tilt — how the game learned to value events, actions and positions, the people who built the tools and the specific ways models still break.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/formations-their-logic/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/formations-their-logic/From the 2-3-5 pyramid and Chapman's WM to Bielsa's 3-3-1-3, Alonso's 3-4-2-1 and Guardiola's 3-2-4-1: how numeric shapes evolved, how coaches use them, how they transform between in-possession and out-of-possession, and how they break down.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/womens-football-tactics-modern-era/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-5/womens-football-tactics-modern-era/From Dick, Kerr Ladies and the 1921 FA ban through Marta, Wiegman and Bonmatí to Arsenal's 2025 Lisbon win: how the women's game's tactical vocabulary has converged with the elite men's game, the era's landmark matches, its architects and the failure modes that punish tactical rigidity.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/positional-play-juego-de-posicion/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/positional-play-juego-de-posicion/Below the survey level 5 gave possession football: how superiority is created and lost, what the occupation rules mean in awkward moments, third-man timing, rotations, how good defences break positional play, how it is trained, and how a coach reads it when it stops working.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/wide-play-and-role-inversion/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/wide-play-and-role-inversion/Below level 5's survey of width: the inverted winger's duel, choosing between overlap and underlap by what the defender shows, inverted and false full-backs, holding width from a back three, choosing the delivery, isolation, the far-side winger, and wide play against different back lines.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/striker-roles/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/striker-roles/What a centre-forward does rather than what he is called: pinning the last line, movement to receive, hold-up and link play, what happens after a false nine drops, pressing from the front, timing runs against the offside line, finishing decisions, playing as a pair, and facing two centre-backs or three.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/marking-systems-zonal-man-oriented-and-hybrid/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/marking-systems-zonal-man-oriented-and-hybrid/How marking actually works rather than what the schemes are called: handing a runner over at a zone boundary, what a defender watches, how close to stand, tracking runners from deep, marking inside the box in open play, the duel, who owns the decision, dealing with a dropping forward, choosing a scheme for an opponent, and what happens once it breaks.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/tactical-schools-and-their-systems/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/tactical-schools-and-their-systems/Systems rather than the men who built them: what a game model is made of, how principles show up as behaviour, what survives a change of squad, the scientific school and the Italian compromise, why a school is not a formation, the cost each model carries, how ideas travel between contexts, how dominant schools are answered, and how to read a model from one match.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/blocks-and-defensive-organisation/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/blocks-and-defensive-organisation/What governs a defensive block rather than what the heights are called: what sets its height, the two compactnesses, the moment it drops, how it shifts as one, what it concedes deliberately, how its front line defends, the edge of its own box, turning defence into attack, its failure modes, and how it meets different attacking shapes.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/the-goalkeeper-in-the-system/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/the-goalkeeper-in-the-system/The goalkeeper as part of the shape rather than as a shot-stopper: what sets his starting position, the decision to come for a cross, distribution as a tactical choice, what changes for him at each block height, the mechanics of facing a shot, and the seconds after he touches the ball.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/midfield-structures-pivots-box-and-rest-defence/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/midfield-structures-pivots-box-and-rest-defence/How the centre of the pitch is arranged and what each arrangement costs: the single and double pivot, the box midfield, the shape a team leaves behind while it attacks, the runner from midfield, and who is responsible at the moment the ball is lost.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/game-management-and-in-game-adjustments/https://book.insporta.app/football/level-6/game-management-and-in-game-adjustments/What a coach does with a match once it has started: reading the opening, the interval, spending a limited allowance of substitutions, answering the opponent's changes, rearranging the same eleven, and playing the score.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-4-the-players-equipment/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-4-the-players-equipment/Law 4 covers what a player may and must wear: the five compulsory items and their conditions, the safety principle that bans jewellery and dangerous equipment, the colour rules that keep the teams, the goalkeepers and the officials distinct, permitted protective and electronic equipment, the ban on slogans and advertising, and the procedure for leaving the field to put a kit fault right.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-5-the-referee/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-5-the-referee/Law 5 gives the referee full authority to enforce the Laws in connection with a match: the period that authority covers, control exercised in cooperation with the other match officials, the role of timekeeper and record-keeper, the powers and duties around advantage, discipline and injuries, the rules on changing a decision, the compulsory and permitted equipment, the referee's role when video assistance is in use, and the protection of match officials from liability.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-6-the-other-match-officials/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-6-the-other-match-officials/Law 6 covers the officials who assist the referee: the assistant referees and what they signal, the additional assistant referees positioned at the goal line, the fourth official with the administrative and touchline duties, the reserve assistant referee, and the video assistant referee and assistant VAR. The other match officials assist the referee in controlling the match in accordance with the Laws and operate under the direction of the referee, but the final decision is always taken by the referee; an official guilty of undue interference or improper conduct is relieved of duties and reported.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-7-the-duration-of-the-match/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-7-the-duration-of-the-match/Law 7 fixes the match at two equal halves of 45 minutes, reducible only by agreement between the referee and both teams before kick-off and in accordance with competition rules. Players are entitled to a half-time interval of no more than 15 minutes, whose duration is set by competition rules and altered only with the referee's permission. In each half the referee allows for all playing time lost through substitutions, assessment and removal of injured players, wasting time, disciplinary sanctions, medical stoppages such as drinks and cooling breaks, VAR checks and reviews, goal celebrations and any other significant delay to a restart; the fourth official shows the minimum added time at the end of the final minute of each half, and the referee may increase but not reduce it. A first-half timekeeping error is not corrected by changing the length of the second half. If a penalty kick must be taken or retaken as time expires, the half is extended until that kick is completed. An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules or organisers determine otherwise.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-8-the-start-and-restart-of-play/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-8-the-start-and-restart-of-play/Law 8 governs two restarts. A kick-off starts each half and each period of extra time and restarts play after a goal: the team that wins the coin toss chooses which goal to attack, the other team takes the first kick-off, and after a goal the kick-off is taken by the team that conceded. All players except the kicker must be in their own half, the opponents of the kicking team must be at least 9.15 m from the ball, the ball must be stationary on the centre mark, and the ball is in play when it is kicked and clearly moves; since 2016 it may be played in any direction. A goal may be scored directly from a kick-off against the opponents, but a ball played directly into the kicker's own goal gives a corner to the opponents. An illegal second touch by the kicker is an indirect free kick (a direct free kick or penalty for a handball offence); any other procedural fault means the kick-off is retaken. A dropped ball is the restart whenever the referee stops play for a reason the Laws do not otherwise cover, including a defective ball, outside interference and serious injury, and when the ball touches a match official, stays on the field and then goes into the goal, starts a promising attack or changes the team in possession. Since 2019 the ball is not contested: it is dropped for the defending goalkeeper if play stopped in that team's penalty area, otherwise for one player of the team that last touched it, with all other players at least 4 m away; the ball is in play when it touches the ground and is dropped again if a player touches it first or if it leaves the field untouched. A goal cannot be scored directly from a dropped ball: at least two players must touch it, and a ball that goes straight into a goal gives a goal kick or a corner.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-9-the-ball-in-and-out-of-play/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-9-the-ball-in-and-out-of-play/Law 9 defines the only two ways the ball is out of play: it has wholly passed over the goal line or touchline, whether on the ground or in the air, or the referee has stopped play. The boundary lines belong to the areas they enclose, so the whole of the ball must cross the outer edge of the line before it is out; while any part of the ball is still on or above the line, play continues. The ball is also out of play if it touches a match official, stays on the field of play and then goes directly into the goal, starts a promising attack or changes the team in possession, in which case play restarts with a dropped ball under Law 8. At all other times the ball is in play, including when it rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or corner flagpost and stays on the field, and when it touches a match official and stays on the field without any of those three outcomes. Corner flagposts are compulsory and must not be removed. Law 9 itself contains no ruling for a ball striking a stadium roof; IFAB guidance and competition rules restart such play with a dropped ball at the point below where the ball hit the structure.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-10-determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-10-determining-the-outcome-of-a-match/Law 10 sets out when a goal is scored and how a match is won. A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided the scoring team has committed no offence: no handball by the team scoring, no foul and no offside in the passage of play, and the referee has not already stopped play. A goalkeeper who throws the ball directly into the opponents' goal concedes a goal kick, not a goal, and a goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in. The team scoring the greater number of goals is the winner; equal scores, nil included, make the match drawn. Where competition rules require a winner, Law 10 permits only three procedures: the away-goals rule, two equal periods of extra time no longer than fifteen minutes each, and kicks from the penalty mark; the competition, not the referee, chooses which. Kicks from the penalty mark are taken at one goal, at the penalty mark, with the teams reduced to equal numbers, every eligible player taking one kick before any player takes a second, five kicks each and then one kick each until a result, and they are neither part of the match nor extra time.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-11-offside/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-11-offside/Law 11 has two halves that must not be run together. A player is in an offside position if any part of the head, body or feet is in the opponents' half, excluding the halfway line, and nearer to the opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent; the hands and arms of every player, goalkeepers included, are left out, and being level with the second-last opponent or with the last two opponents is not being nearer. Being in an offside position is not an offence in itself. It becomes an offence only when the player, at the moment a team-mate plays or touches the ball, then becomes involved in active play: by interfering with play through playing or touching the ball, by interfering with an opponent by obstructing the line of vision, challenging, or an obvious action that impacts the opponent's ability to play the ball, or by gaining an advantage from a ball that has rebounded or been deflected off the goalpost, crossbar, a match official or an opponent, or that has been deliberately saved by any opponent. There is no offside offence if the ball is received directly from a goal kick, a throw-in or a corner kick, or after an opponent deliberately plays it, a deliberate save aside. The restart for an offside offence is an indirect free kick where the offence occurred, even in the offending player's own half.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-12-fouls-and-misconduct/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-12-fouls-and-misconduct/Law 12 is the largest Law and splits into a foul half and a misconduct half. A direct free kick is given when a player charges, jumps at, kicks, pushes, strikes, tackles or trips an opponent, or attempts any of these, in a way the referee judges careless, reckless or using excessive force, and also for holding, for impeding with contact, for biting or spitting, for a handball offence, and for throwing an object at, or playing the ball with a held object toward, the ball or a person. Careless carries no card, reckless a caution, and using excessive force a send-off. A defender's direct-free-kick offence in their own penalty area, while the ball is in play, is a penalty kick. An indirect free kick covers dangerous play, impeding with no contact, dissent and offensive language, and the goalkeeper offences: handling a deliberate kick from a team-mate, handling a team-mate's throw-in, handling again after releasing the ball, and, since 2025, holding the ball more than eight seconds, which now concedes a corner kick. Cautions include delaying the restart, dissent, entering or leaving the field without permission, not respecting the required distance, persistent offences and the wide category of unsporting behaviour, which takes in simulation, tactical fouls that stop a promising attack, and certain goal celebrations. Send-offs include denying a goal or an obvious goalscoring opportunity by handball or by a foul, serious foul play, violent conduct, biting or spitting, offensive gestures and a second caution. Advantage may be played and the original offence returned to within a few seconds if it does not come.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-13-free-kicks/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-13-free-kicks/Law 13 covers free kicks. A free kick is either direct, from which a goal may be scored straight against the opponents, or indirect, from which a goal counts only after the ball has touched another player. The referee signals an indirect free kick by raising one arm above the head and keeps it up until the ball has touched another player, gone out of play, or it is clear a direct goal is impossible. A free kick sent straight into the kicking team's own goal gives the opponents a corner kick. The ball must be stationary and is in play once it is kicked and clearly moves; there is no minimum distance and, since 2019, a free kick to the defending team in their own penalty area is in play as soon as it is kicked and clearly moves and may be played to any team-mate inside the area. The kick is taken from where the offence occurred, except that a defending free kick in the goal area may be taken from anywhere in that area and an attacking indirect free kick in the opponents' goal area is taken from the goal-area line nearest the offence. Until the ball is in play all opponents stay at least 9.15 m from it, or on their own goal line between the posts for a free kick in the penalty area, and where three or more defenders form a wall the attackers must stay at least 1 m from it. If the kicker plays the ball again before another player touches it, an indirect free kick is awarded, a direct free kick or penalty for a handball, and an indirect free kick if the kicker was the goalkeeper. Opponent encroachment brings a retake unless advantage applies, and an attacker within 1 m of a three-plus-player wall brings an indirect free kick to the defenders.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-14-the-penalty-kick/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-14-the-penalty-kick/Law 14 covers the penalty kick, awarded when a defender commits a direct-free-kick offence inside their own penalty area or off the field as part of play; that award itself is Law 12, and Law 14 governs how the kick is then taken and judged. A goal may be scored directly from a penalty kick. The ball must be stationary with part of it touching or overhanging the centre of the penalty mark, and the goal frame must not be moving. The penalty taker must be clearly identified. Every other player stays on the field of play, outside the penalty area, behind the penalty mark and at least 9.15 m from it until the ball is in play. The defending goalkeeper stays on the goal line between the posts, facing the kicker, until the ball is kicked, and at the moment of the kick must have at least part of one foot touching, in line with, or behind the goal line. The ball must be kicked forward, a backheel is allowed if the ball goes forward, the ball is in play once it is kicked and clearly moves, and the kicker must not play it again until another player has touched it. If the goalkeeper or another defender infringes and the kick is missed or saved it is retaken, with the goalkeeper warned for a first offence and cautioned for further ones; if a goal is scored despite a defending infringement the goal stands. An attacking infringement brings a retake if a goal was scored and an indirect free kick to the defenders if it was not. The kicker feinting after completing the run-up, kicking the ball backwards or being replaced by a different taker are all indirect-free-kick offences, with a caution for the feint and for the wrong taker. At the end of a half time is extended for the kick, which is complete once the ball stops, leaves play, is played by any player other than the defending goalkeeper, or the referee stops play, so there is no rebound to follow up.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-15-the-throw-in/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-15-the-throw-in/Law 15 governs the throw-in, the restart when the whole of the ball passes over a touchline on the ground or in the air. It is awarded to the opponents of the player who last touched the ball. The thrower stands facing the field of play, with part of each foot on the touchline or on the ground outside it, and throws the ball with both hands from behind and over the head, from the point where the ball left the field. The ball is in play as soon as it enters the field of play; if it touches the ground before entering, the same team retakes it from the same position, while a throw-in that is not taken correctly is retaken by the opposing team. The thrower must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player: a second touch is an indirect free kick to the opponents, or a direct free kick, or a penalty kick if it is a deliberate handball inside the thrower's own penalty area. All opponents must stand at least 2 m from the point of the throw-in; one who unfairly distracts or impedes the thrower, including standing closer than 2 m, is cautioned for unsporting behaviour, and if the throw was taken the throwing team gets an indirect free kick. A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in, and a player cannot be penalised for offside directly from one. A player who delays the throw-in is given a five-second countdown, after which it passes to the opponents.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-16-the-goal-kick/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-16-the-goal-kick/Law 16 governs the goal kick, the restart awarded to the defending team when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, on the ground or in the air, having last touched an attacker, and a goal is not scored. The ball is placed stationary at any point inside the goal area and is kicked by a player of the defending team, most often but not only the goalkeeper. Since 2019 the ball is in play as soon as it is kicked and clearly moves: it no longer has to leave the penalty area first, so a team-mate may play it while still inside the area. Opponents must remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play; an opponent who was inside, or entered before the ball was in play, and then touches or challenges for the ball forces a retake. If the kicker plays the ball again before it has touched another player an indirect free kick is awarded to the opponents, a direct free kick if the second touch is a handball offence, and a penalty kick if that handball is inside the kicker's own penalty area, unless the kicker is the goalkeeper, in which case it stays an indirect free kick. A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the opposing team; a ball that goes straight into the kicker's own goal gives a corner kick to the opponents. A player cannot be penalised for offside directly from a goal kick. A player who unfairly delays the goal kick is given a five-second countdown, after which a corner kick is awarded to the opponents.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-17-the-corner-kick/https://book.insporta.app/football/laws/law-17-the-corner-kick/Law 17 governs the corner kick, the restart awarded to the attacking team when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line outside the goal, on the ground or in the air, having last touched a defending-team player, and a goal is not scored. The ball is placed inside the corner arc at the corner nearest to where it left the field, and the corner flagpost must not be moved. Opponents must remain at least 9.15 m from the corner arc until the ball is in play, which happens as soon as the ball is kicked and clearly moves; the ball does not need to leave the corner arc, so the kick may be played short. The kick needs no referee signal and may be taken quickly. If the taker plays the ball again before it has touched another player an indirect free kick is awarded to the opponents, a direct free kick if the second touch is a handball offence, and a penalty kick if that handball is inside the taker's own penalty area, unless the taker is the goalkeeper, in which case it stays an indirect free kick. A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick, but only against the opposing team; a ball that goes straight into the taker's own goal gives a corner kick to the opponents. A player cannot be penalised for offside directly from a corner kick. An opponent who does not retreat the required distance and interferes with the kick is cautioned and the corner is retaken.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/the-shape-of-a-match/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/the-shape-of-a-match/This sub-level teaches that cricket is played between two sides of eleven who take turns to bat and to field, with the choice decided by a toss; that an innings is one side's turn to bat and a match is one or two innings a side; that bowling is organised into overs of six legal balls; that runs and wickets are the two quantities being counted; and how a completed match is won, tied or, in the longer game, drawn.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/ways-of-getting-out/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/ways-of-getting-out/This sub-level teaches the ways a batter can be dismissed — bowled and caught as the everyday ones, LBW explained as three plain questions, run out and stumped, hit wicket, and the rare modes; that the fielding side must appeal before an umpire can give anyone out, that the umpire decides, and what happens once a wicket has fallen.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/the-ground-and-the-kit/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/the-ground-and-the-kit/This sub-level teaches the shape of a cricket ground and its boundary; the 22-yard pitch and the crease lines drawn on it; the wicket of three stumps and two bails and what it means to break it; the ball, its seam and its colours; and the bat and the protective kit, including why the wicket-keeper alone wears gloves and pads.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/scoring-and-extras/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/scoring-and-extras/This sub-level teaches how runs are made off the bat by running between the wickets; the four and the six; the no-ball and the wide, why each is re-bowled and worth a penalty run; byes and leg-byes; and which extras are charged to the bowler and which are not.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/the-three-formats/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-1/the-three-formats/This sub-level teaches the three forms of the international game — the five-day Test in whites with a red ball, the 50-over one-day international in coloured clothing with a white ball, and the three-hour Twenty20; what changes between them in overs per bowler, fielding restrictions and the new ball; and the two tools of the long game, the follow-on and the declaration, which is why a Test can be drawn and a one-day match cannot.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/bowling-laws/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/bowling-laws/This sub-level teaches what makes a delivery fair or a no-ball in practice — the front-foot and back-foot rules of the delivery stride, an illegal bowling action, the dangerous full toss and the height rule, and the limit on short-pitched bowling; how an over is finished when a bowler cannot; and what makes the ball dead.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/batting-laws/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/batting-laws/This sub-level teaches what the striker and non-striker may and may not do once the ball is live — obstructing or distracting the fielding side by word or action, striking the ball with a hand off the bat, returning the ball without being asked, the narrow "guard your wicket" right to hit the ball a second time, the clock on a new batter, the difference between retiring hurt and retiring out, and being run out after straying from the crease at either end.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/fielding-and-wicket-keeping-laws/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/fielding-and-wicket-keeping-laws/This sub-level teaches how the fielding side must behave in the field — where the wicket-keeper has to stand and the one moment he is freed to move, how many fielders may be behind square on the leg side and what fielders may wear, the five-run penalty for fake fielding or otherwise distracting the striker, the "penalty time" a fielder owes after leaving the field, and what a substitute is and is not allowed to do.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/umpires-and-decisions/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/umpires-and-decisions/This sub-level teaches how the two on-field umpires run the game — their authority over the conditions and over fair play, the set of signals and the wait for the scorers, how an appeal works and which umpire answers it, and the technology layer on top: the Decision Review System, the "umpire's call" margin on ball-tracking, and the separate jobs of the third umpire, the fourth umpire and the match referee.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/match-regulations/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-2/match-regulations/This sub-level teaches the regulations layered on top of the Laws for the limited-overs and championship game — the powerplays and fielding restrictions in a one-day international and in a Twenty20, the free hit and exactly what can and cannot happen off it, how a slow over rate is punished by the stop clock and by an in-match penalty, the intervals and the extra time a day can borrow, and, in outline, the Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method and the concussion replacement.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/batting-craft/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/batting-craft/This sub-level teaches how a batter sets up and moves before the ball — the stance, taking guard and the trigger movement; the front-foot strokes built off the drive; the back-foot strokes, the cut, the pull and the hook; how playing spin differs from playing pace and how the crease is used; when and why a ball is left; the sweep, the paddle and the reverse; and running a partnership between the wickets.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/pace-bowling/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/pace-bowling/This sub-level teaches how a fast bowler moves the ball and builds pressure — conventional swing, the grip, seam angle and shiny side that make it curve, and when it swings; seam movement and the wobble-seam ball that deviate off the pitch; the stock weapons, the yorker, the bouncer, the slower ball and the change of length; reverse swing, the old dry ball it needs and how it behaves; and the lines, lengths and field settings a quick bowler works to.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/spin-bowling/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/spin-bowling/This sub-level teaches how a spinner deceives a batter through the air and off the pitch — off spin, its finger grip, the stock off break, the arm ball and the doosra; leg spin, the wrist action, the leg break, the googly, the top-spinner, the flipper and the slider; flight, drift, dip and turn, and using the air against using the pitch; bowling to left-handers and landing the ball in the rough, over and around the wicket; and the fields and match tactics a captain sets for spin.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/fielding-catching-and-keeping/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/fielding-catching-and-keeping/This sub-level teaches how a fielding side is built and run — the named catching and fielding positions and why each one sits where it does, the ring against the deep; slip and close catching, watching the edge, soft hands and the cordon; the outfield, the chase, the pick-up and the throw, backing up, the sliding stop and the boundary catch; wicket-keeping, standing up against standing back, taking spin and the leg-side ball; and run-outs and pressure fielding, the direct hit, which end to throw and squeezing the ring.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/captaincy-and-match-situations/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-3/captaincy-and-match-situations/This sub-level teaches the decisions that shape a match rather than a ball — reading the pitch and the sky, what a green, dry, cracked or two-paced surface means and how the toss follows from it; the new ball and bowling changes, when to take the second new ball, matching a bowler to a batter, short spells and holding a strike bowler back; setting a field to a plan, the trap and where the mistake goes, powerplay and defensive fields; chasing against defending, the required rate, wickets in hand and the DLS par score; and the lower order and closing a Twenty20, farming the strike, the death yorker and the slower ball.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/international-structure-and-the-calendar/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/international-structure-and-the-calendar/This sub-level teaches the two tiers of ICC membership and what each allows a men's team to play; the World Test Championship, its two-year cycle, the series each side plays and how the table is decided by percentage of points; the separate ICC rankings for Test, one-day and Twenty20 cricket and how a series moves them; bilateral series and who arranges and profits from them; the Future Tours Programme as the agreed multi-year schedule; and the qualification pathways that carry a side from bilateral cricket into a global event.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/global-events/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/global-events/This sub-level teaches the men's ODI World Cup and its format and history; the men's T20 World Cup and how it differs from the ODI event; the ICC Champions Trophy and the World Test Championship final as the game's other global finals; the Women's Cricket World Cup and Women's T20 World Cup; the Under-19 World Cup as the sport's junior global event; and how hosting and the size of these events have changed over time.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/domestic-and-franchise-cricket/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/domestic-and-franchise-cricket/This sub-level teaches the three domestic playing categories, first-class, List A and Twenty20, and how they relate to a Test, an ODI and a T20I; England's County Championship and its promotion and relegation, and its short-form counterpart The Hundred; Australia's Sheffield Shield and India's Ranji Trophy as the leading first-class competitions outside England; the major Twenty20 franchise leagues, the IPL, the BBL, the PSL and the CPL; and how a franchise squad is built, by auction or by draft, against how a domestic first-class team is built, by contract and by geography.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/the-history-of-the-game/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/the-history-of-the-game/This sub-level teaches the game's origins and the 1744 codification of the Laws, and the MCC's continuing role as their custodian; the first Test match in 1877 and the origin of the Ashes in 1882; the Bodyline series and the throwing controversies that each forced a Law change; World Series Cricket and how the first one-day international and the first Twenty20 international arrived; and South Africa's isolation under apartheid and its 1991 readmission, alongside how the Laws themselves have kept changing over time.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/records-and-statistics/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-4/records-and-statistics/This sub-level teaches how batting average and strike rate are calculated and what each one rewards; how bowling average, economy rate and bowling strike rate are calculated and what each one rewards; cricket's landmark individual records, for runs, wickets and the fastest and highest innings; landmark team records, for the highest and lowest totals and how a Test margin of victory is stated; and net run rate, plus the broader lesson that no single statistic tells the whole story of a player's or a team's performance.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/technology-on-the-field/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/technology-on-the-field/This sub-level teaches the Decision Review System end to end, including how many reviews a side holds and what happens to an unsuccessful one; ball-tracking (Hawk-Eye) and why its projection carries a margin of error, most visible in the umpire's call zone; UltraEdge (Snickometer) and how it detects a bat's edge from sound; hot spot's thermal-imaging approach to the same question; the third and fourth umpire's roles; and how these tools changed, rather than replaced, the on-field umpire's job.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/analytics-and-the-data-revolution/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/analytics-and-the-data-revolution/This sub-level teaches statistics that go beyond average and strike rate, such as boundary percentage, dot-ball percentage and phase-by-phase scoring rates; win probability models built from match state and historical data; matchup analysis, a bowler's record against left- versus right-handers, a batter's record against pace versus spin; wagon wheels and pitch maps as ways of visualising where runs are scored and where a bowler lands the ball; and how this data has changed selection, field settings and in-game tactics.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/great-rivalries-beyond-the-ashes/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/great-rivalries-beyond-the-ashes/This sub-level teaches the Border-Gavaskar Trophy between India and Australia and India's rise in it since the late 2010s; the India-Pakistan rivalry and why the two now meet almost only at ICC events rather than in bilateral series; trans- Tasman cricket between Australia and New Zealand and how the balance of power has shifted; the West Indies' historic rivalries with Australia (the Frank Worrell Trophy, born from the first tied Test) and the bond between Pakistan and Sri Lanka's cricket boards after 2009; and what actually separates a "great rivalry" from an ordinary bilateral series.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/the-business-of-cricket/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/the-business-of-cricket/This sub-level teaches broadcast rights as the sport's main revenue engine, and why they are worth so much to boards and franchises; sponsorship, from kit deals to title partnerships, and what a sponsor is actually paying for; franchise economics, salary caps, auction purses and how a franchise's value is set; how cricket boards earn and share revenue, and why one board's share can differ so sharply from another's; and cricket's return to the Olympic Games at Los Angeles 2028 after more than a century's absence.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/training-fitness-and-sports-science/https://book.insporta.app/cricket/level-5/training-fitness-and-sports-science/This sub-level teaches modern fitness testing and conditioning, including the Yo-Yo test as a selection benchmark; workload management, especially bowling workload limits for young and fast bowlers; injury prevention and rehabilitation, with stress fractures and side strains as the fast bowler's characteristic injuries; biomechanics in coaching, analysing a bowling action or batting technique with video and motion capture; and the multidisciplinary sports- science team, physiotherapists, strength and conditioning coaches, analysts, nutritionists and psychologists, now built around a professional squad.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/the-shape-of-a-match/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/the-shape-of-a-match/This sub-level teaches what a futsal match is — five players a side including the goalkeeper, two twenty-minute periods timed with a stopped clock, the one-minute timeout and the half-time interval; how a match is won or drawn and how a knockout tie is settled by extra time or kicks from the penalty mark; that futsal has no offside, so a goal is never disallowed for an attacker's position; the coin toss and the kick-off, including that a goal counts directly from it; and where the game came from, from Ceriani's 1930 court in Montevideo to FIFA taking it on in 1989.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/the-court-and-the-kit/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/the-court-and-the-kit/This sub-level teaches where futsal is played and what with — a flat, hard, normally indoor court from twenty-five to forty-two metres long, marked with eight-centimetre lines, a halfway line and a centre circle of three metres; the penalty area built from two six-metre quarter-circles joined by a straight line rather than drawn as a rectangle, the penalty mark at six metres and the second penalty mark at ten; goals three metres wide and two high, centred and anchored, and a five-metre substitution zone in front of each bench with the stretch by the timekeeper's table kept clear; the size-4 ball tested for a low, controlled bounce of fifty to sixty-five centimetres from two metres; and the compulsory kit, with shin guards under the socks, flat-soled court shoes rather than studded boots, and a goalkeeper dressed to stand out.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/players-substitutions-and-the-bench/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/players-substitutions-and-the-bench/This sub-level teaches who is on the court and who is off it — five players a side, one of them the goalkeeper, counted in the five and not extra, with a match abandoned if a team drops below three; rolling substitutions made on the fly through a team's own five-metre zone, unlimited in number, with the player coming on waiting until the one going off has left; the improper-substitution caution and the indirect free kick that follows; changing the goalkeeper only during a stoppage with the officials told, the goalkeeper's freedom to play anywhere, and the flying goalkeeper as a tactic rather than a Law; the bench and the technical area, who may sit there and who answers for their conduct; and playing short after a send-off, two minutes of playing time with an early return if the fuller team scores.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/scoring-restarts-and-the-four-second-rule/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/scoring-restarts-and-the-four-second-rule/This sub-level teaches how the ball comes back into play and the count that hangs over every restart — the four seconds a team has to take a kick-in, corner, goal clearance or free kick, and the four seconds a goalkeeper may hold the ball in his own half; the kick-in that replaces football's throw-in, taken with the foot from the touch line with no goal scored directly; the goal clearance the goalkeeper throws from inside his area rather than kicks, and the corner that is kicked from the arc; what makes a goal, when the ball is out over a line or off an official, the dropped ball, and the ball striking the ceiling; and, once more, that futsal has no offside.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/fouls-cards-and-accumulated-fouls/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-1/fouls-cards-and-accumulated-fouls/This sub-level teaches how futsal punishes fouls and misconduct — the direct free kick for kicking, tripping, pushing, holding, handling or sliding in to challenge, and the indirect free kick for dangerous play, obstruction without contact and the goalkeeper's handling offences, shown by the referee's raised arm; the yellow card for a caution and the red for a send-off, with two yellows making a red; and the accumulated-foul count, the running tally of a team's direct-free-kick fouls in a period that resets at half-time, and what changes at the sixth, when the free kick is taken from the ten-metre mark with no wall and the kicker must shoot.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/time-timeouts-and-the-clock/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/time-timeouts-and-the-clock/This sub-level teaches the mechanics of Law 7 in more procedural depth than L1 touched it — that the match clock stops whenever the ball is out of play rather than running continuously, when and why a period is extended (only to complete a penalty kick or a sixth-foul free kick already awarded), and the one-minute timeout's exact conditions: who may request it, when the timekeeper grants it, why a team that skips it in the first period does not carry it to the second, and why there are none in extra time.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/free-kicks-and-accumulated-fouls/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/free-kicks-and-accumulated-fouls/This sub-level teaches free-kick procedure in more depth than L1 1.5 touched it — the ball stationary, the four-second limit that turns an overdue direct free kick into an indirect one, and the 5 m distance for opponents; which challenges and handling produce a direct free kick and which produce an indirect one, and the disciplinary offences that sit alongside them; a team's first five accumulated fouls of a period, when a wall is allowed; and the sixth foul onward, when the wall disappears, the attacking team may choose between the second penalty mark and the spot of the foul, every other player must retreat to 5 m behind an imaginary line, the goalkeeper must stay in his own area at 5 m, and the identified kicker must shoot rather than pass.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/the-penalty-kick-and-the-kick-in/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/the-penalty-kick-and-the-kick-in/This sub-level teaches the penalty kick's procedure — the ball on the mark, the goalkeeper fixed to his line until it's kicked, every other player outside the area, behind the mark, 5 m back — and what follows a goalkeeper's encroachment against an attacker's, a simultaneous infringement, and a burst ball; the kick-in's own procedure — one foot on the touchline, the ball stationary within 25 cm of the exit point, the four-second limit, the opponents' 5 m, that it can never score directly, and what a second touch by the kicker, foot or hand, actually costs the team.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/goal-clearance-corner-kick-and-other-restarts/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/goal-clearance-corner-kick-and-other-restarts/This sub-level teaches the goal clearance — thrown, not kicked, by the goalkeeper from inside his own area, the four-second limit, opponents kept outside the area, no direct goal — and its infringements: a throw that doesn't clear the area, a second illegal handling, attackers still inside the area; the corner kick — taken from the arc, opponents 5 m back, four seconds, and unlike the other restarts studied, IT CAN score directly — and its own infringements, including the overrun penalty being a goal clearance rather than an indirect free kick; and two other restarts, the ceiling-contact kick-in and the dropped ball, the latter decided by where play stopped rather than by touch.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/referees-discipline-and-match-officials/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-2/referees-discipline-and-match-officials/This sub-level teaches the two referees' equal authority and the tie-break rule for when they disagree, and when a decision may still be changed; the third referee's and the timekeeper's own separate duties; discipline in practice — that a sliding tackle has no rule of its own, and a clearer look at which offences are cautionable against which are send-off; the goalkeeper's three distinct restrictions, the back-pass, the kick-in handling rule, and the four-second control limit, each with its own geographic or timing scope; and improper substitution, its sanction and its restart.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/technique-on-the-ball/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/technique-on-the-ball/This sub-level teaches sole-of-the-foot control and the roll for shielding the ball in tight space; the toe-poke (bico), a strike needing almost no backswing, and why a small court rewards it; the passing surfaces, inside, outside and heel, and what each is actually for; the feint (finta) and body swerve as deception rather than ball security; and first touch under pressure, tying the others together around futsal's central constraint, very little time and space.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/positions-and-formations/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/positions-and-formations/This sub-level teaches the four positions, goleiro, fixo, ala and pivô, and the job each one does; the three base formations, the 4-0 (fully rotating), the 3-1 (a fixed pivô ahead of three), and the 2-2 (simple, no specialist pivô needed); named rotation patterns, the Y and the L, and what a rotation is generally for; why width matters even on a narrow court; and what "playing through the pivô" means as a way of organising an attack.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/attacking-play/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/attacking-play/This sub-level teaches rotation used specifically to unbalance the defence, not just to occupy space; the give-and-go, parallel and diagonal, and what separates them; blocks and screens, and the legal line between a screen and a foul; the overload and the flying goalkeeper as one particular way of creating a five-versus-four; and finishing at the far post, where the earlier ideas' created space actually gets converted.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/defending-play/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/defending-play/This sub-level teaches individual and zonal marking, their respective strengths and weaknesses, and how teams blend the two; the full-court and half-court press, and the trade-off between pressure and fatigue; defending the pivô specifically and shifting as a compact block; defending against the flying goalkeeper's five-versus-four overload; and defending accumulated-foul kicks, tying the sixth-foul procedure from Level 2 into a coach's tactical thinking about managing a team's foul count.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/set-pieces-and-the-goalkeeper/https://book.insporta.app/futsal/level-3/set-pieces-and-the-goalkeeper/This sub-level teaches kick-in routines, rehearsed but necessarily building toward a second action since a kick-in can't score directly; corner routines, which can aim straight for a shot since a corner can score directly; the sixth-foul free-kick play as a genuine, prepared scoring opportunity built around one identified kicker; the goalkeeper as "first attacker," using distribution to start attacks rather than just restart them; and the goalkeeper's own one-v-one positioning and his role organising the defensive block, two distinct contributions rather than one.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/triathlon-basics/https://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/triathlon-basics/Everything a first-time triathlete needs before their first start line: the sport itself, its distances, how a race runs, each leg, transitions, kit, rules and training.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/open-water-swimming/https://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/open-water-swimming/Everything the pool does not teach: sighting, drafting, wetsuits, cold water, entries and exits, and keeping your head when it gets rough.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/bike-handling-and-safety/https://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/bike-handling-and-safety/Riding the bike leg well and safely: cornering, descending, sharing the road, hazards, punctures, bike checks, gearing and fuelling on the move.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/running-off-the-bike/https://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/running-off-the-bike/The leg that decides the race: adapting to running on cycling-tired legs, pacing by effort, holding form when it falls apart, hills, heat, walk-run, feet and the finish.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/race-week-and-race-day/https://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-1/race-week-and-race-day/Everything around the race itself: registration and check-in, the taper, packing, setting up transition, race morning, warming up, nerves, weather, and what to do when it goes wrong.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-2/training-principles/https://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-2/training-principles/Why a plan is shaped the way it is: overload and adaptation, intensity distribution, periodisation, monitoring load, recovery, and building a week you can actually repeat.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-2/swim-technique-and-sets/https://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-2/swim-technique-and-sets/Swimming faster rather than merely finishing: body position, the catch, the kick, stroke rate, drills, tools, set design, pacing and diagnosing your own limiter.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-2/bike-training-and-power/https://book.insporta.app/triathlon/level-2/bike-training-and-power/Training the bike with numbers: what power measures, FTP and zones, interval and long-ride design, cadence and fit, riding to a plan, and judging whether any of it is working.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT