# Глава 7: География и культура

Футбол · Глава 7: География и культура · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/ru/football/interesting-facts/chapter-7-geography-culture/)

Where football is played and how it shaped culture: FIFA's footprint, football's smallest nations, Africa, Asia and the Americas, the language of the game, songs and anthems, football on screen and in books, stands with stories and the museums that keep its treasures.

## 7.71 Глобальный охват футбола

Как далеко простирается руководящий орган футбола, где географически находятся корни и рекорды игры и какая культура стоит за двумя знаменитыми прозвищами сборных.

### Тест 1: Охват ФИФА, география футбола и культура сборных

- Среди 211 членов FIFA есть территории, такие как Англия, Шотландия, Уэльс и Гонконг, не являющиеся суверенными государствами-членами ООН, поэтому их больше, чем 193 государств ООН. (Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: число членов FIFA и ООН)
- FIFA называет цуцзюй, игру с ударами по кожаному мячу, задокументированную со времён династии Хань, самым ранним свидетельством игры, похожей на футбол. (Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: признание cuju со стороны FIFA)
- Открытый в 1989 году стадион Rungrado 1st of May вмещает около 114,000 зрителей после реконструкции 2014 года, что делает его крупнейшим футбольным стадионом мира по вместимости. (Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: Rungrado 1st of May Stadium)
- Estadio Hernando Siles в Ла-Пасе расположен примерно на высоте 3,600 метров над уровнем моря, что делает его одной из самых высоких арен в международном футболе. (Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: Estadio Hernando Siles)
- Сборная Нидерландов играет в оранжевом и получает прозвище «Oranje» от Оранско-Нассауского дома, королевской семьи, происходящей от Вильгельма Оранского. (Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: прозвище Oranje)
- Имея население около 335,000 человек, Исландия обыграла Косово и квалифицировалась на чемпионат мира 2018 года, безусловно самая маленькая страна, когда-либо попадавшая на этот турнир. (Источник: Сверенные публикации: выход Исландии на чемпионат мира 2018 года)
- После того как белую форму Бразилии обвинили в поражении в финале чемпионата мира 1950 года, газетный конкурс 1953 года дал жёлтую футболку, прозванную «Canarinho» («канарейка») за её цвет. (Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: жёлтая форма сборной Бразилии)
- 211 членов FIFA входят в одну из шести конфедераций: УЕФА, CONMEBOL, CONCACAF, CAF, AFC и OFC. (Источник: FIFA, inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/news/statement-by-fifa-and-the-six-confederations)
- Известный по меньшей мере с конца 15 века и формально кодифицированный в 1580 году, Calcio Storico Fiorentino по-прежнему играют каждый июнь во Флоренции команды четырёх исторических кварталов города. (Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: Calcio Storico Fiorentino)
- Сан-Марино обыграл Лихтенштейн 1-0 5 сентября 2024 года в Лиге наций, это их первая победа в официальных матчах: до неё их официальный баланс составлял 171 поражение и пять ничьих в 176 матчах. (Источник: Сверенные публикации: первая официальная победа Сан-Марино в 2024 году)

## 7.72 Football's Smallest Nations

The Faroe Islands' first win, Gibraltar and Kosovo, the Other Final, American Samoa and Andorra.

### Тест 1: Small football nations

- The European Championship qualifier was played in Landskrona, Sweden, because the islands had no grass pitch good enough. (Источник: Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA)
- UEFA would not allow the match on the islands' artificial pitches. (Источник: Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA)
- Its national team played its first official match against Slovakia that November. (Источник: Gibraltar FA, 'UEFA membership 2013' (gibraltarfa.com); UEFA)
- Both votes came in May 2016. (Источник: Football Federation of Kosovo (ffk-kosova.com); FIFA and UEFA congress decisions, May 2016)
- The two lowest-ranked sides in the world met on the day of the Yokohama final; Bhutan won 4-0. (Источник: Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA)
- They won 2-1 in a World Cup qualifier, ten years after losing 31-0 to Australia. (Источник: Football Federation American Samoa (ffas.as); FIFA, 2011 qualifier report)
- They won 1-0 in a World Cup qualifier. (Источник: Federació Andorrana de Futbol (faf.ad); UEFA, Euro 2004 qualifying)
- 1990, 2002, 2004 and 2011. (Источник: FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and UEFA (uefa.com) match records)
- 1990, 1996, 2013 and 2016. (Источник: UEFA, 'Member associations' (uefa.com))
- Bhutan's national stadium stands in the valley of the Wang Chhu river. (Источник: Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA)

## 7.73 Football in Africa

The Black Stars, Bafana Bafana, the vuvuzela, Olympic golds, Al Ahly and Egypt's three in a row.

### Тест 1: African football

- The black star on Ghana's flag also comes from Garvey's Black Star Line. (Источник: Ghana Football Association, 'Why the Black Stars?' (ghanafa.org))
- The women's team are known as Banyana Banyana, 'the girls'. (Источник: South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports)
- They are Les Éléphants; an elephant's head is also on the country's coat of arms. (Источник: Fédération Ivoirienne de Football, 'Les Éléphants' (fif.ci))
- Nigeria beat Argentina 3-2 in the final in Athens, Georgia. (Источник: Nigeria Football Federation (thenff.com); Olympics.com, Atlanta 1996 football final)
- Cameroon beat Spain on penalties in the final. (Источник: Olympics.com, 'Sydney 2000 football final'; FECAFOOT)
- The Cairo club has won more CAF titles than any other. (Источник: Al Ahly SC, 'African club of the century' (alahlyegypt.com); CAF)
- Egypt won in 2006, 2008 and 2010. (Источник: Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records)
- 1957, 1996, 2000 and 2010. (Источник: CAF (cafonline.com) and Olympics.com records)
- 2006, 2008 and 2010. (Источник: Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records)
- Some broadcasters filtered out the drone. (Источник: South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports)

## 7.74 Football in Asia

The J.League, Zico at Kashima, the first Asian pro league, the ISL, Samurai Blue and Owairan's goal.

### Тест 1: Asian football

- It began with ten clubs. (Источник: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co))
- He played for and later advised the club. (Источник: Kashima Antlers, 'Zico' (antlers.co.jp))
- It was then called the Korean Super League. (Источник: Korea Football Association and K League, 'History' (kleague.com))
- It brought in well-known foreign players in their thirties. (Источник: Indian Super League, 'About' (indiansuperleague.com))
- The women's team are called Nadeshiko Japan. (Источник: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co))
- He ran from his own half; Saudi Arabia reached the last 16. (Источник: Saudi Arabian Football Federation; FIFA, '1994: Owairan's goal against Belgium' (inside.fifa.com))
- They lost all three group matches. (Источник: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co))
- 1983, 1993, 2004 and 2014. (Источник: AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records)
- 1954, 1994, 1998 and 2002. (Источник: AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records)
- It is called Yatagarasu and is said to have guided an emperor. (Источник: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co))

## 7.75 Football in the Americas

MLS and the NASL, Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, the Reggae Boyz, Panama and the word 'soccer'.

### Тест 1: Football in the Americas

- He scored for the San Jose Clash against DC United. (Источник: Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com))
- It folded after the 1984 season. (Источник: U.S. Soccer, 'History of the NASL' (ussoccer.com))
- Iceland took the record in 2018. (Источник: Trinidad and Tobago Football Association; FIFA 2006 World Cup reports)
- They lost all three matches in Mexico without scoring. (Источник: Canada Soccer, '1986 World Cup' (canadasoccer.com))
- It was the first English-speaking Caribbean side at a World Cup. (Источник: Jamaica Football Federation, '1998: the Reggae Boyz' (jff.com.jm))
- Felipe Baloy scored in a 6-1 defeat; fans celebrated as if they had won. (Источник: FEPAFUT Panama; FIFA, 2018 World Cup match report England v Panama)
- DC won 3-2 after extra time in the rain at Foxborough. (Источник: Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com))
- 1968, 1986, 1996, 1998 and 2018. (Источник: FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records)
- 1986, 1998, 2006 and 2018. (Источник: FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records)
- 'Assoc' became 'soccer', to tell association football from rugger. (Источник: Oxford English Dictionary, 'soccer' etymology; The FA)

## 7.76 The Language of Football

Hat-tricks, the beautiful game, the Socceroos, La Albiceleste, El Tri, Fergie time and 'olé'.

### Тест 1: Football words and nicknames

- A bowler who took three wickets with three balls was given a hat in 1858. (Источник: Marylebone Cricket Club, 'The origin of the hat-trick' (lords.org))
- He used it as the title of his 1977 autobiography. (Источник: Pelé, 'My Life and the Beautiful Game' (1977); FIFA)
- It is also the name of the old Florentine game, calcio storico. (Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms')
- 'Albiceleste' means 'white and sky blue'. (Источник: AFA, 'La Albiceleste' (afa.com.ar))
- The flag is green, white and red. (Источник: Mexican Football Federation, 'El Tri' (miseleccion.mx))
- It was named after Sir Alex Ferguson, who was often seen pointing at his watch. (Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms')
- The crowd greets each pass as it would a matador's move. (Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms')
- Argentina in 1930, Australia in 1974, Japan in 1998 and Ghana in 2006. (Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms')
- Cricket in 1858, Oxford in the 1880s, Pelé's 1977 book and the 1990s. (Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms')
- The name took hold in the 1960s and 1970s; Australia first reached a World Cup in 1974. (Источник: Football Australia, 'Why the Socceroos?' (footballaustralia.com.au))

## 7.77 Songs and Anthems

Zadok the Priest, Three Lions, Blue Moon, Bubbles, Seven Nation Army, World in Motion and Waka Waka.

### Тест 1: Football songs

- Tony Britten adapted one of Handel's coronation anthems in 1992. (Источник: UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com))
- It was written by David Baddiel, Frank Skinner and the Lightning Seeds. (Источник: The FA (englandfootball.com) and Scottish FA records of official team songs)
- The song was taken up in the late 1980s. (Источник: Manchester City, 'Blue Moon' heritage pages (mancity.com))
- The song dates from 1918 and was taken up in the 1920s. (Источник: West Ham United, 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles' (whufc.com))
- The riff by The White Stripes went on to Italy's 2006 World Cup and beyond. (Источник: Club Brugge, 'Seven Nation Army' (clubbrugge.be); UEFA)
- John Barnes performed the rap. (Источник: The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs)
- She performed it at the closing ceremony in Johannesburg. (Источник: FIFA, 'Waka Waka, the official song of 2010' (fifa.com))
- 1970, 1978, 1990 and 1996. (Источник: The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs)
- 1918, 1992, 2003 and 2010. (Источник: The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs)
- Handel wrote it for George II's coronation in 1727. (Источник: UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com))

## 7.78 Football on Page and Screen

Fever Pitch, The Damned United, Roy of the Rovers, Captain Tsubasa, Ted Lasso and Looking for Eric.

### Тест 1: Football in books, comics and film

- It was later filmed twice, once with a baseball story. (Источник: Penguin Books, 'Fever Pitch' by Nick Hornby (1992))
- Spall played his assistant Peter Taylor and Meaney played Don Revie. (Источник: Faber & Faber, 'The Damned United' by David Peace (2006); BFI, 'The Damned United' (2009))
- The comic strip began in 1954. (Источник: Rebellion, 'Roy of the Rovers: 1954 to today' (royoftherovers.com))
- Players such as Alessandro Del Piero and Fernando Torres have spoken of it. (Источник: Shueisha, 'Captain Tsubasa' (1981); Japan Football Association)
- The series began in 2020. (Источник: Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020))
- The film is about a postman who imagines Cantona giving him advice. (Источник: Sixteen Films, 'Looking for Eric' (Ken Loach, 2009))
- It follows a boy whose father returns from a Soviet prison camp. (Источник: Senator Film, 'Das Wunder von Bern' (Sönke Wortmann, 2003))
- 1954, 1981, 1992, 2006 and 2020. (Источник: Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+))
- 2003, 2005 and 2009. (Источник: Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+))
- He had coached a college team in Kansas. (Источник: Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020))

## 7.79 Stands and Grounds With Stories

The Kop, the Holte End, the Gallowgate, the Shed, the Maracanã's name and Wembley's towers.

### Тест 1: Stands and stadium names

- Spion Kop was fought in 1900; many soldiers from Lancashire died there. (Источник: Liverpool FC, 'The Kop and Spion Kop' (liverpoolfc.com))
- The Holte Hotel stood beside Villa Park. (Источник: Aston Villa, 'The Holte End' (avfc.co.uk))
- Public executions were once held there. (Источник: Newcastle United, 'St James' Park: the Gallowgate End' (nufc.co.uk))
- Mário Filho had campaigned for the stadium to be built in Rio. (Источник: Estádio do Maracanã, 'História' (maracana.com))
- The new stadium opened in 2007 with its arch instead. (Источник: Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com))
- The stadium was once called the Central Lenin Stadium. (Источник: Luzhniki Stadium, 'History' (luzhniki.ru))
- The roof was put up in the 1930s for the greyhound crowds. (Источник: Chelsea FC, 'The Shed End' (chelseafc.com))
- 1900, 1906 and 1950. (Источник: Club heritage pages: liverpoolfc.com, avfc.co.uk, nufc.co.uk, manutd.com, chelseafc.com)
- 1950, 1956, 2003 and 2007. (Источник: Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com))
- It opened in 1923, in time for the FA Cup final. (Источник: Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com))

## 7.80 Museums and Old Treasures

The National Football Museum, FIFA's museum, the Museu do Futebol, the Stirling ball and the 1858 rules.

### Тест 1: Football museums

- It opened at Deepdale, Preston's ground, in 2001. (Источник: National Football Museum, 'About us' (nationalfootballmuseum.com))
- It holds trophies, shirts and records from FIFA's history. (Источник: FIFA Museum, Zurich (fifamuseum.com))
- The museum sits under the stadium's stands. (Источник: Museu do Futebol, São Paulo (museudofutebol.org.br))
- It is kept at the Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum. (Источник: Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk))
- The money helped the world's oldest club. (Источник: Sotheby's, sale of Sheffield FC's 1858 rules (2011); Sheffield FC (sheffieldfc.com))
- Visitors also tour the stadium. (Источник: FC Barcelona, 'Barça Museum' (fcbarcelona.com))
- It is run by the National Football Museum. (Источник: National Football Museum, 'Hall of Fame' (nationalfootballmuseum.com))
- 2001, 2008, 2012 and 2016. (Источник: National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories)
- The 1540s, 1858 and 1863. (Источник: National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories)
- It was found behind panelling in the Queen's Chamber in the 1970s. (Источник: Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk))

Источники: Первичные и официальные источники там, где они есть: FIFA (fifa.com, inside.fifa.com). Ряд фактов о географии и культуре опирается на несколько сверенных источников, кроме Wikipedia, так как единой официальной архивной страницы для них не найдено; это отмечено у каждого вопроса. Без ссылок на Wikipedia. Пересказано своими словами; оригинальные вопросы составлены самостоятельно.

Пройти тесты: https://insporta.app/try?utm_source=book&utm_medium=referral