# 第3章：世界杯与洲际赛事

足球 · 第3章：世界杯与洲际赛事 · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/zh/football/interesting-facts/chapter-3-world-cup-continental-tournaments/)

How the great tournaments took shape: World Cup origins and formats, mascots, qualifying firsts, the European Championship and Copa América, the club world events before 2025, forgotten trophies, Asia and Oceania, and the youth World Cups.

## 3.31 赛事起源与赛制

世界杯如何从13支球队发展到48支，欧洲杯和美洲杯如何开始，以及一些东道主国家和赛制的第一次。

### 测试 1: 世界杯、欧洲杯和美洲杯的起源与赛制

- 世界杯参赛队数从1930年的13支增至1954年起的16支、1982年起的24支、1998年起的32支，以及2026年赛事起的48支。 (来源: FIFA, fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/world-cup-format-evolution-change-history-1930-2026)
- 苏联在1960年于巴黎举行的首届欧洲国家杯决赛中，加时赛后以2:1击败南斯拉夫。 (来源: UEFA, uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/025a-0eb0ecf360cc-a9532565e049-1000--euro-1960-all-you-need-to-know)
- 这项赛事1960年创办时名为欧洲国家杯，1968年更名为欧洲足球锦标赛（UEFA European Championship）。 (来源: UEFA, uefa.com/uefaeuro/history)
- 后来成为美洲杯的赛事始于1916年，由阿根廷为纪念独立一百周年承办；乌拉圭夺冠，同一次盛会还成立了CONMEBOL。 (来源: Copa America official site, copaamerica.com/en/news/110-years-conmebol-copa-america)
- 1950年仍是唯一一届没有单场决赛的世界杯：冠军产生于四队单循环小组赛，最后一场比赛（乌拉圭战胜巴西）实际上充当了决赛。 (来源: 经交叉核对的1950年世界杯赛制历史记述)
- 国际足联选择乌拉圭，部分原因是该国正值首部宪法一百周年，并且在1928年奥运会上卫冕了奥运足球冠军。 (来源: Library of Congress 世界杯研究指南，guides.loc.gov/world-cup/uruguay-1930)
- 巴西是唯一一支参加过每一届世界杯的球队，包括2026年这一届，从未缺席。 (来源: Britannica, britannica.com/sports/Which-National-Teams-Have-Participated-in-the-FIFA-World-Cup)
- 2026年世界杯由加拿大、墨西哥和美国联合承办，这是第一次由三个国家共同承担承办工作。 (来源: FIFA, fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/fifa-world-cup-2026-hosts-cities-dates-usa-mexico-canada)
- 1942年和1946年的世界杯都因战争及其后果而取消，使1938年与1950年两届赛事之间相隔12年。 (来源: 经交叉核对的世界杯因战争停办历史记述)
- 由于卡塔尔夏季酷热，国际足联把2022年赛事改在11月至12月举行，这是第一次在传统的6月至7月之外举行的世界杯。 (来源: Al Jazeera, aljazeera.com/sports/2015/2/24/fifa-recommends-winter-world-cup-for-qatar)

## 3.32 洲际杯赛、奖杯与赛制趣闻

其他洲际锦标赛及其起源、现行的世界杯奖杯，以及一两个真正独一无二的赛制趣闻。

### 测试 1: 洲际锦标赛、世界杯奖杯与赛制趣闻

- 首届非洲国家杯于1957年2月在苏丹举行，仅有三支球队参加；埃及在决赛中以4:0战胜埃塞俄比亚。 (来源: 经交叉核对的1957年非洲国家杯历史记述)
- 意大利雕塑家 Silvio Gazzaniga 设计的纯金奖杯，造型是两个人托举着地球，自1974年世界杯起取代了雷米特杯。 (来源: FIFA, fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/silvio-gazzaniga-trophy-museum)
- 美国在首届国际足联女子世界杯决赛中以2:1击败挪威，该届赛事于1991年11月在中国广东举行。 (来源: FIFA, fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/fifa-womens-world-cup-china-1991)
- 首届亚足联亚洲杯是1956年在香港举行的四队单循环赛，没有单场决赛；韩国夺冠。 (来源: 经交叉核对的1956年亚洲杯历史记述)
- 欧洲杯决赛阶段的参赛队数从1960年的4支增至1980年的8支、1996年的16支，以及2016年起的24支。 (来源: 经交叉核对的欧洲杯赛制扩军历史记述)
- 葡萄牙在首届欧国联决赛中以1:0击败荷兰，比赛于2019年6月9日在波尔图的龙之球场举行。 (来源: 经交叉核对的2018/19赛季欧洲国家联赛历史记述)
- CONCACAF于1991年用新的金杯赛取代了原来的锦标赛；东道主美国夺得了首届八队参赛的赛事冠军。 (来源: 经交叉核对的1991年中北美及加勒比海金杯赛历史记述)
- 疫情把2020年欧洲杯推迟到2021年6月至7月举行，但仍沿用原有名称；为纪念这项赛事创办60周年，比赛分布在11个不同国家的11座城市举行。 (来源: 经交叉核对的2020年欧洲杯历史记述)
- 德国赢得了2017年第十届也是最后一届联合会杯；国际足联于2019年停办了这项世界杯预演赛事，其档期由扩军后的世俱杯取代。 (来源: 经交叉核对的国际足联联合会杯停办历史记述)
- 意大利队长 Giacinto Facchetti 在一场互交白卷的平局之后猜中了掷硬币，这是欧洲足球锦标赛（UEFA European Championship）历史上唯一一次以这种方式决出决赛参赛队。 (来源: UEFA, uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/0253-0d7b2f5adb06-fa5820ecb86b-1000--coin-toss-takes-italy-to-euro-1968-final-after-ussr-stal)

## 3.33 World Cup Mascots

From World Cup Willie to Zabivaka: oranges, peppers, roosters, armadillos and wolves.

### 测试 1: World Cup mascots

- His name means 'little orange', after the fruit of Valencia. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- He wore a sombrero and a moustache. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- His blocks were in the green, white and red of the Italian flag. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- The Gallic rooster is a national symbol of France. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- The species, which rolls into a ball, is threatened; the choice aimed to raise awareness. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- His name means 'the one who scores'; he wore sports goggles. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- Warner Bros designed the cartoon dog. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- 1966, 1982, 1998 and 2014. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- 1970, 1974, 1994 and 2010. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))
- The lion wore a Union Jack shirt; mascots have appeared at every World Cup since. (来源: FIFA, 'World Cup mascots through the years' (fifa.com); FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com))

## 3.34 Getting to the World Cup

Hosts who had to qualify, a champion's boycott, the first teams from Africa and Asia and Wales' route in 1958.

### 测试 1: World Cup qualifying firsts

- Italy beat Greece 4-0 to qualify for their own tournament. (来源: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- Only four European teams had travelled to Montevideo four years earlier. (来源: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- They lost 6-0 to Hungary in their only match. (来源: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- Israel's Asian and African opponents had refused to play them, and FIFA would not let a team qualify without a match. (来源: Football Association of Wales, '1958: Wales at the World Cup' (faw.cymru); FIFA)
- Their opponents had all withdrawn too; the costs and planning of the trip to Brazil weighed on the decision. (来源: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- Several Austrian players then appeared for Germany at the tournament. (来源: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- Cuba beat Romania in a replay before losing 8-0 to Sweden. (来源: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- 1934, 1938, 1958 and 1970. (来源: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- 1930, 1938, 1954 and 1970. (来源: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))
- France, Belgium and Romania took about two weeks to cross to Montevideo in 1930. (来源: FIFA, World Cup tournament histories 1930-1974 (inside.fifa.com))

## 3.35 Euro Curiosities

Golden and silver goals, Platini's nine, Spain's records and the trophy named after Henri Delaunay.

### 测试 1: European Championship trivia

- The Soviet Union beat Hungary 3-1 in Moscow. (来源: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- The Soviet Union went through and won the first tournament. (来源: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- Spain won 2-1 in Madrid in front of about 79,000. (来源: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- Ponedelnik headed the winner against Yugoslavia in extra time in Paris. (来源: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- They won 3-0 in Brussels, with two goals from Gerd Müller. (来源: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- From 1980 eight teams took part in the finals. (来源: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- His second, a header, came two minutes from time in Rome. (来源: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- 1960, 1964, 1968 and 1972. (来源: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- 1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988. (来源: UEFA, 'European Championship history' and final reports (uefa.com))
- The stadium had taken the club president's name in 1955. (来源: Real Madrid, 'Santiago Bernabéu stadium history' (realmadrid.com); UEFA, '1964 final' report)

## 3.36 Copa América Stories

Guest teams, a tournament with no host, Friedenreich's winner, Chile's first title and a jeweller's cup.

### 测试 1: Copa America trivia

- Mexico lost 2-1 to Argentina in Guayaquil. (来源: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- It marked 100 years of the competition and was the first edition outside South America; Chile won. (来源: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- The format lasted for three editions, until 1983. (来源: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- He scored the only goal, in extra time of a play-off against Uruguay in Rio. (来源: CBF, 'Seleção: títulos' (cbf.com.br); CONMEBOL)
- Iván Córdoba headed the only goal of the final against Mexico in Bogotá. (来源: Federación Colombiana de Fútbol, 'Colombia campeón de la Copa América 2001' (fcf.com.co); CONMEBOL)
- Colombia and Argentina had been due to share it; Argentina won the final at the Maracanã. (来源: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- Qatar, the next World Cup hosts, took part for the first time. (来源: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- 1916, 1919, 1993 and 2001. (来源: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- 1975, 1993, 2016 and 2021. (来源: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))
- The Argentine association bought it from the Casa Escasany jewellers. (来源: CONMEBOL, 'Historia de la Copa América' (conmebol.com))

## 3.37 Before the Club World Cup

The Intercontinental Cup, the Toyota Cup in Tokyo and FIFA's first club championships.

### 测试 1: Club world competitions before 2025

- Real drew 0-0 in Montevideo and won 5-1 in Madrid. (来源: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- Six players were sent off; Racing won 1-0. (来源: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- Several Estudiantes players were punished by the Argentine authorities after the second leg. (来源: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- Waldemar Victorino scored the only goal. (来源: FIFA, 'Toyota Cup 1980: Nacional v Nottingham Forest' (inside.fifa.com); Club Nacional de Football (nacional.uy))
- The FA and the government backed the move to help England's bid for the 2006 World Cup. (来源: Manchester United, 'Why we left the FA Cup in 1999-2000' (manutd.com))
- They beat Once Caldas of Colombia on penalties in Yokohama. (来源: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- Runners-up such as Panathinaikos and Atlético Madrid took their places. (来源: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- 1960, 1967, 1980 and 2004. (来源: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- 1960, 1967, 1980 and 2003. (来源: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)
- The Toyota Cup was played in Japan every year until 2004. (来源: FIFA, 'Intercontinental Cup history' (inside.fifa.com); UEFA and CONMEBOL)

## 3.38 Forgotten Trophies

The Lipton Trophy, the Mitropa Cup, the Fairs Cup, the Latin Cup, the Intertoto and the Copa Rio.

### 测试 1: Discontinued competitions

- The amateur side from County Durham had also won the first edition, in 1909. (来源: West Auckland Town FC, 'The first World Cup' (westaucklandtownfc.co.uk))
- He offered it for a tournament between clubs from Britain, Italy, Germany and Switzerland. (来源: West Auckland Town FC, 'The first World Cup' (westaucklandtownfc.co.uk))
- Real Madrid and Barcelona each won it twice. (来源: UEFA, 'The Latin Cup' (uefa.com))
- Clubs played it in the summer, before the domestic season began. (来源: UEFA, 'UEFA Intertoto Cup' (uefa.com))
- Palmeiras beat Juventus in the final at the Maracanã. (来源: SE Palmeiras, 'Copa Rio 1951' (palmeiras.com.br))
- Swindon were awarded the trophy. (来源: Swindon Town FC, 'Anglo-Italian Cup 1970' heritage pages (swindontownfc.co.uk))
- Chelsea beat Manchester City 5-4 in the first final in 1986. (来源: Chelsea FC, 'Full Members' Cup 1986' (chelseafc.com); The FA, 1985 European ban)
- 1909, 1949, 1970 and 1985. (来源: Wolverhampton Wanderers, 'Texaco Cup 1971' heritage pages (wolves.co.uk))
- 1957, 1975, 1992 and 2008. (来源: UEFA, 'UEFA Intertoto Cup' (uefa.com))
- Short of money for the second trip, some players pawned possessions to travel. (来源: West Auckland Town FC, 'The first World Cup' (westaucklandtownfc.co.uk))

## 3.39 Asia and Oceania

India's Asian Games golds, Iran's three in a row, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Australia and Tahiti.

### 测试 1: Asian and Oceanian football

- They beat Iran in the 1951 final in New Delhi and South Korea in Jakarta in 1962. (来源: All India Football Federation, 'Asian Games gold 1951 and 1962' (the-aiff.com))
- Australia won 2-1 after extra time in Sydney, nine years after joining the Asian confederation. (来源: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- They beat Japan 3-1 in the final in Abu Dhabi and kept the title at home in 2024. (来源: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- Australia did not enter the first edition. (来源: OFC, 'OFC Nations Cup history' (oceaniafootball.com))
- They beat Saudi Arabia 1-0 in the final. (来源: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- Iran won in 1968, 1972 and 1976. (来源: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- Two of those titles were won on penalties. (来源: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- 1968, 1992, 2015 and 2019. (来源: AFC, 'AFC Asian Cup history' (the-afc.com))
- 1951, 1973, 2013 and 2024. (来源: OFC, 'OFC Nations Cup history' (oceaniafootball.com))
- Tahiti qualified by winning the 2012 OFC Nations Cup, the first time a side other than Australia or New Zealand had won it. (来源: FIFA, 'FIFA Confederations Cup Brazil 2013' match reports (inside.fifa.com))

## 3.40 The Youth World Cups

Under-20 and under-17 champions, from Tunisia 1977 to England's double in 2017.

### 测试 1: 青年世界杯

- The Soviet Union won the under-20 tournament. (来源: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- Argentina beat the Czech Republic 2-1 in the final in Toronto. (来源: AFA, 'Argentina campeón mundial sub-20 Canadá 2007' (afa.com.ar); FIFA)
- He won the best player and top scorer awards, scoring twice from the spot in the final. (来源: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- They beat West Germany 2-0 in the final in Beijing. (来源: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- The 1991 side included Luís Figo and Rui Costa. (来源: Federação Portuguesa de Futebol, 'Campeões do mundo de sub-20' (fpf.pt))
- Both sides won their finals within four months of each other. (来源: The FA, 'England's 2017 summer of success' (englandfootball.com))
- Figo won the award in 2000. (来源: Federação Portuguesa de Futebol, 'Campeões do mundo de sub-20' (fpf.pt))
- 1977, 1985, 2002 and 2008. (来源: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- 1977, 1983, 1991 and 2009. (来源: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))
- Ghana beat Brazil 4-3 on penalties in Cairo after a goalless final played mostly with ten men. (来源: FIFA, 'FIFA U-20 World Cup' and 'FIFA U-17 World Cup' histories (inside.fifa.com))

来源: 仅限一手来源 / 官方来源：国际足联 (fifa.com)、欧足联 (uefa.com)、美洲杯官方网站 (copaamerica.com)、Library of Congress World Cup research guide，以及关于2022年卡塔尔世界杯赛程安排一事的知名可靠媒体 (Al Jazeera)。不引用维基百科。

参加测试: https://insporta.app/try?utm_source=book&utm_medium=referral