Kapitel 9: Fans, Medien und Geld

Ultras groups spread across Italian football in the 1970s.

Quelle: AC Milan, 'La Fossa dei Leoni' (acmilan.com) · Wissen

Fanzines grew in the 1980s as fans answered back to clubs and the press.

Quelle: When Saturday Comes, 'About us' (wsc.co.uk) · Wissen

Fans sang his name with the inflatable fruit held high.

Quelle: Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com) · Wissen

Fans in England took it up after a Europa League meeting in 2010.

Quelle: Lech Poznań, 'The Poznań' (lechpoznan.pl) · Wissen

It became a regular sight before kick-off from the mid-1990s.

Quelle: Celtic FC, 'The Huddle' (celticfc.com) · Wissen

Rattles often carried the club colours.

Quelle: National Football Museum, 'Rattles and rosettes' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · Wissen

Grimsby's fans waved inflatable fish, a nod to the port's trade.

Quelle: Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com) · Wissen

1968, 1986, 1987-88 and 2010.

Quelle: Club heritage pages (acmilan.com, mancity.com, celticfc.com) and When Saturday Comes · Wissen

The early 20th century, 1968 and 1995.

Quelle: Club heritage pages (acmilan.com, mancity.com, celticfc.com) and When Saturday Comes · Wissen

The craze is often traced to one fan's banana at a match in 1987.

Quelle: Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com) · Wissen

The four brothers' company issued its first football album in 1961.

Quelle: Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it) · Wissen

Albums have followed for every World Cup since.

Quelle: Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it) · Wissen

Peter Adolph wanted to call it 'The Hobby' but could not register the name.

Quelle: National Football Museum, 'Subbuteo' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · Wissen

Early players had flat cardboard figures.

Quelle: National Football Museum, 'Subbuteo' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · Wissen

His toy game fixed the players to rods turned by hand.

Quelle: UK Intellectual Property Office, patent of Harold Searles Thornton (1921); National Football Museum · Wissen

Match followed in 1979.

Quelle: Shoot! magazine archive (shoot.co.uk); Match magazine · Wissen

The set featured the players chosen for Mexico.

Quelle: The FA, '1970 World Cup coin collection' (englandfootball.com) · Wissen

1921, 1947, 1961 and 1969.

Quelle: Panini, Subbuteo and National Football Museum histories · Wissen

1961, 1970 and 1979.

Quelle: Panini, Subbuteo and National Football Museum histories · Wissen

Children swap 'got, got, need' in playgrounds every World Cup.

Quelle: Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it) · Wissen

The BBC's Teddy Wakelam described the game from Highbury.

Quelle: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · Wissen

A second voice called out the square the ball was in.

Quelle: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · Wissen

George Mutch scored a penalty in the last minute of extra time.

Quelle: The FA, '1938: the first FA Cup final shown live in full' (thefa.com) · Wissen

Liverpool won 3-2; only about 20,000 people watched on BBC2.

Quelle: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · Wissen

Matches were broadcast to several European countries.

Quelle: FIFA, '1954: the first televised World Cup' (inside.fifa.com) · Wissen

It ran until 2007 and carried the classified results.

Quelle: BBC, 'Grandstand 1958-2007' (bbc.co.uk) · Wissen

BBC2 could then be received only in the London area.

Quelle: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · Wissen

1927, 1938, 1954 and 1964.

Quelle: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · Wissen

1958, 1964 and 1974.

Quelle: BBC, 'Grandstand 1958-2007' (bbc.co.uk) · Wissen

Historians doubt the story, but it remains a popular explanation.

Quelle: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · Wissen

The players' union, led by Jimmy Hill, threatened to strike.

Quelle: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · Wissen

He had said his captain was worth it once the cap went.

Quelle: Fulham FC, 'Johnny Haynes, the first £100-a-week player' (fulhamfc.com) · Wissen

It had been raised step by step since the Second World War.

Quelle: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · Wissen

Clubs could no longer hold a player without a contract indefinitely.

Quelle: The National Archives, 'Eastham v Newcastle United, 1963'; PFA · Wissen

It later became the Professional Footballers' Association.

Quelle: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · Wissen

FIFA's Article 17 lets a player end a contract early by paying compensation.

Quelle: FIFA, Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players, Article 17; Court of Arbitration for Sport, Webster ruling (2008) · Wissen

Hill later became a manager and a television presenter.

Quelle: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · Wissen

1907, 1961, 1963 and 2006.

Quelle: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · Wissen

1901, 1947 and 1958.

Quelle: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · Wissen

Haynes captained Fulham and England.

Quelle: Fulham FC, 'Johnny Haynes, the first £100-a-week player' (fulhamfc.com) · Wissen

They changed their crest to match the sponsor's logo.

Quelle: Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com) · Wissen

The sponsor was the Japanese company Hitachi.

Quelle: Liverpool FC, 'Hitachi: the first shirt sponsor in English top flight' (liverpoolfc.com) · Wissen

It was one of the longest shirt deals in English football.

Quelle: Manchester United, 'Sharp shirts 1982-2000' (manutd.com) · Wissen

Zanussi made kitchen appliances.

Quelle: Real Madrid, 'Zanussi, el primer patrocinador' (realmadrid.com) · Wissen

The Basque oil refiner's name appeared for the club's 110th anniversary season.

Quelle: Athletic Club, 'Petronor, the first sponsor on the shirt' (athletic-club.eus) · Wissen

JVC stayed on the shirt until 1999.

Quelle: Arsenal FC, 'JVC 1981' (arsenal.com) · Wissen

Advertising was not allowed, but a crest was.

Quelle: Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com) · Wissen

1973, 1979, 1981 and 1982.

Quelle: Club histories: eintracht.com, liverpoolfc.com, arsenal.com, manutd.com, realmadrid.com, athletic-club.eus · Wissen

1982, 1999 and 2008.

Quelle: Club histories: eintracht.com, liverpoolfc.com, arsenal.com, manutd.com, realmadrid.com, athletic-club.eus · Wissen

The stag with a cross between its antlers is the liqueur's logo.

Quelle: Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com) · Wissen

The club and its sponsor agree a neutral name for those games.

Quelle: UEFA, 'Stadium naming rules in UEFA competitions' (uefa.com); FC Bayern (fcbayern.com) · Wissen

The sportswear firm had roots in the Bolton area.

Quelle: Bolton Wanderers, 'The Reebok Stadium' (bwfc.co.uk) · Wissen

The insurer is based in Dortmund.

Quelle: Borussia Dortmund, 'SIGNAL IDUNA PARK' (bvb.de) · Wissen

It opened in 2011 as the Juventus Stadium.

Quelle: Juventus, 'Allianz Stadium' (juventus.com) · Wissen

The betting firm is owned by the club's owners.

Quelle: Stoke City, 'bet365 Stadium' (stokecityfc.com) · Wissen

The duty-free retailer belonged to the club's owners.

Quelle: Leicester City, 'King Power Stadium' (lcfc.com) · Wissen

The card company has a large office in the city.

Quelle: Brighton & Hove Albion, 'The Amex' (brightonandhovealbion.com) · Wissen

1997, 2005, 2011, 2016 and 2017.

Quelle: Club stadium pages: bwfc.co.uk, bvb.de, lcfc.com, brightonandhovealbion.com, stokecityfc.com, juventus.com · Wissen

1974, 1997 und 2002.

Quelle: Club stadium pages: bwfc.co.uk, bvb.de, lcfc.com, brightonandhovealbion.com, stokecityfc.com, juventus.com · Wissen

The same applies to other sponsored grounds in Europe.

Quelle: UEFA, 'Stadium naming rules in UEFA competitions' (uefa.com); FC Bayern (fcbayern.com) · Wissen

Robbie Williams and Jonathan Wilkes set it up.

Quelle: Soccer Aid for UNICEF, 'History' (socceraid.org.uk) · Wissen

It was held before the World Cup in South Africa.

Quelle: Street Child World Cup, 'About' (streetchildunited.org) · Wissen

Again it came just before a World Cup.

Quelle: Street Child World Cup, 'About' (streetchildunited.org) · Wissen

Schmied edited a street newspaper sold by homeless people.

Quelle: Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Founders Mel Young and Harald Schmied' (homelessworldcup.org) · Wissen

It is the village where he grew up.

Quelle: Liverpool FC, 'Sadio Mané's hospital in Bambali' (liverpoolfc.com) · Wissen

He gave his sponsorship fees to the project.

Quelle: Didier Drogba Foundation (fondationdidierdrogba.org); Chelsea FC · Wissen

He gave his bonus to fund surgery for 23 children.

Quelle: Arsenal FC and DFB reports on Mesut Özil's 2014 World Cup donation (arsenal.com; dfb.de) · Wissen

2003, 2006, 2010 and 2014.

Quelle: Common Goal, Soccer Aid, Homeless World Cup and Street Child United histories · Wissen

2006, 2014 and 2021.

Quelle: Common Goal, Soccer Aid, Homeless World Cup and Street Child United histories · Wissen

It took place in September 2003.

Quelle: Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Our story' (homelessworldcup.org) · Wissen

Millions filled in its coupons each week.

Quelle: Littlewoods Pools history; National Football Museum, 'The football pools' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · Wissen

It was presented by Frank Skinner and David Baddiel.

Quelle: BBC, 'Fantasy Football League' (1994); Premier League, 'Fantasy Premier League' (fantasy.premierleague.com) · Wissen

It now has millions of players around the world.

Quelle: BBC, 'Fantasy Football League' (1994); Premier League, 'Fantasy Premier League' (fantasy.premierleague.com) · Wissen

Their studio, Sports Interactive, later made Football Manager.

Quelle: Sports Interactive, 'Our history' (sigames.com) · Wissen

The licence deal with FIFA ended after thirty years.

Quelle: Electronic Arts, 'EA SPORTS FC' (ea.com); Konami, 'Pro Evolution Soccer' (konami.com) · Wissen

It was known for its tiny players seen from above.

Quelle: Sensible Software history; National Videogame Museum (thenvm.org) · Wissen

In Japan it was called Winning Eleven.

Quelle: Electronic Arts, 'EA SPORTS FC' (ea.com); Konami, 'Pro Evolution Soccer' (konami.com) · Wissen

1923, 1992, 1994, 2002 and 2023.

Quelle: Publishers' release records: ea.com, sigames.com, konami.com · Wissen

1992, 1993 and 2001.

Quelle: Publishers' release records: ea.com, sigames.com, konami.com · Wissen

A line of score draws could win a fortune.

Quelle: Littlewoods Pools history; National Football Museum, 'The football pools' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · Wissen

He listed famous British names, from Lord Nelson to Margaret Thatcher.

Quelle: NRK, 'Lillelien: Your boys took a hell of a beating' (nrk.no, 1981) · Wissen

'Barrilete cósmico' became one of the most famous calls in Spanish.

Quelle: AFA and Radio Uruguay archives, 'Barrilete cósmico' (1986) · Wissen

Manchester City scored twice in stoppage time on the last day.

Quelle: Sky Sports, 'Agüerooooo: Martin Tyler's call, 2012' (skysports.com) · Wissen

It was his nickname for Liverpool's stylish side.

Quelle: BBC, 'John Motson's greatest lines' (bbc.co.uk) · Wissen

Arsenal won the 1989 title on the last night of the season.

Quelle: ITV Sport, '1989: Brian Moore and Arsenal at Anfield' (itv.com) · Wissen

Lee scored for Derby against his old club, Manchester City.

Quelle: BBC, 'Barry Davies: Interesting... very interesting' (bbc.co.uk, 1974) · Wissen

Norway had won the World Cup qualifier 2-1 in Oslo.

Quelle: NRK, 'Lillelien: Your boys took a hell of a beating' (nrk.no, 1981) · Wissen

1966, 1981, 1986, 1989 and 2012.

Quelle: BBC, ITV, NRK and Sky Sports archives · Wissen

1988, 1989 and 2012.

Quelle: BBC, ITV, NRK and Sky Sports archives · Wissen

Tyler had commentated for Sky since the start of the Premier League.

Quelle: Sky Sports, 'Agüerooooo: Martin Tyler's call, 2012' (skysports.com) · Wissen

Big screens in city centres drew millions who had no tickets.

Quelle: FIFA, 'FIFA Fan Fest: from 2006 to today' (fifa.com) · Wissen

'Rolig' means calm in Danish, a play on 'hooligans'.

Quelle: Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'Roligans' (dbu.dk) · Wissen

The players also left their dressing room spotless.

Quelle: Japan Football Association and FIFA, 'Japan fans clean up' (fifa.com, 2018 and 2022) · Wissen

They were praised for their good humour across France.

Quelle: Football Association of Ireland, 'Paris honours Irish fans, Euro 2016' (fai.ie) · Wissen

The chant became one of the songs of the summer.

Quelle: Irish Football Association, 'Euro 2016: the Green and White Army' (irishfa.com); UEFA · Wissen

Fans sang that they did not want to go back home.

Quelle: Football Association of Wales, 'Don't take me home, Euro 2016' (faw.cymru) · Wissen

The room was left spotless, too.

Quelle: Japan Football Association and FIFA, 'Japan fans clean up' (fifa.com, 2018 and 2022) · Wissen

1986, 2006, 2016 and 2022.

Quelle: UEFA, FIFA and federation records of fans at tournaments · Wissen

11 June, 27 June and 1 July 2016.

Quelle: UEFA, FIFA and federation records of fans at tournaments · Wissen

The clap echoed around the stadiums of France.

Quelle: Football Association of Iceland, 'The Viking clap' (ksi.is); UEFA Euro 2016 · Wissen