Piłka nożna · Ciekawostki
Rozdział 9: Kibice, media i pieniądze
10 testów · 100 faktów · zaktualizowano 23 października 2026 · markdown
The people around the game: terrace culture, collectibles and games, radio and television firsts, wages and players' rights, shirt sponsors and stadium names, footballers giving back, the pools and fantasy football, commentators' famous lines and fans on tour.
9.91Terrace Culture
Ultras, fanzines, inflatable bananas, the Poznań, Celtic's Huddle and wooden rattles.
Test 1Supporters' cultureRozwiąż test
Ultras groups spread across Italian football in the 1970s.
Źródło: AC Milan, 'La Fossa dei Leoni' (acmilan.com) · wiedza
Fanzines grew in the 1980s as fans answered back to clubs and the press.
Źródło: When Saturday Comes, 'About us' (wsc.co.uk) · wiedza
Fans sang his name with the inflatable fruit held high.
Źródło: Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com) · wiedza
Fans in England took it up after a Europa League meeting in 2010.
Źródło: Lech Poznań, 'The Poznań' (lechpoznan.pl) · wiedza
It became a regular sight before kick-off from the mid-1990s.
Źródło: Celtic FC, 'The Huddle' (celticfc.com) · wiedza
Rattles often carried the club colours.
Źródło: National Football Museum, 'Rattles and rosettes' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · wiedza
Grimsby's fans waved inflatable fish, a nod to the port's trade.
Źródło: Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com) · wiedza
1968, 1986, 1987-88 and 2010.
Źródło: Club heritage pages (acmilan.com, mancity.com, celticfc.com) and When Saturday Comes · wiedza
The early 20th century, 1968 and 1995.
Źródło: Club heritage pages (acmilan.com, mancity.com, celticfc.com) and When Saturday Comes · wiedza
The craze is often traced to one fan's banana at a match in 1987.
Źródło: Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com) · wiedza
9.92Collectibles and Games
Panini stickers, Subbuteo, table football, Shoot! magazine and the Esso coins.
Test 1CollectiblesRozwiąż test
The four brothers' company issued its first football album in 1961.
Źródło: Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it) · wiedza
Albums have followed for every World Cup since.
Źródło: Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it) · wiedza
Peter Adolph wanted to call it 'The Hobby' but could not register the name.
Źródło: National Football Museum, 'Subbuteo' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · wiedza
Early players had flat cardboard figures.
Źródło: National Football Museum, 'Subbuteo' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · wiedza
His toy game fixed the players to rods turned by hand.
Źródło: UK Intellectual Property Office, patent of Harold Searles Thornton (1921); National Football Museum · wiedza
Match followed in 1979.
Źródło: Shoot! magazine archive (shoot.co.uk); Match magazine · wiedza
The set featured the players chosen for Mexico.
Źródło: The FA, '1970 World Cup coin collection' (englandfootball.com) · wiedza
1921, 1947, 1961 and 1969.
Źródło: Panini, Subbuteo and National Football Museum histories · wiedza
1961, 1970 and 1979.
Źródło: Panini, Subbuteo and National Football Museum histories · wiedza
Children swap 'got, got, need' in playgrounds every World Cup.
Źródło: Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it) · wiedza
9.93Radio and Television Firsts
The first commentary, the square-one grid, the 1938 final, the first Match of the Day and Grandstand.
Test 1Football broadcastingRozwiąż test
The BBC's Teddy Wakelam described the game from Highbury.
Źródło: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · wiedza
A second voice called out the square the ball was in.
Źródło: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · wiedza
George Mutch scored a penalty in the last minute of extra time.
Źródło: The FA, '1938: the first FA Cup final shown live in full' (thefa.com) · wiedza
Liverpool won 3-2; only about 20,000 people watched on BBC2.
Źródło: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · wiedza
Matches were broadcast to several European countries.
Źródło: FIFA, '1954: the first televised World Cup' (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza
It ran until 2007 and carried the classified results.
Źródło: BBC, 'Grandstand 1958-2007' (bbc.co.uk) · wiedza
BBC2 could then be received only in the London area.
Źródło: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · wiedza
1927, 1938, 1954 and 1964.
Źródło: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · wiedza
1958, 1964 and 1974.
Źródło: BBC, 'Grandstand 1958-2007' (bbc.co.uk) · wiedza
Historians doubt the story, but it remains a popular explanation.
Źródło: BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · wiedza
9.94Wages and Players' Rights
The maximum wage, Johnny Haynes' £100, the Eastham case, the players' union and the Webster ruling.
Test 1Players' pay and contractsRozwiąż test
The players' union, led by Jimmy Hill, threatened to strike.
Źródło: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · wiedza
He had said his captain was worth it once the cap went.
Źródło: Fulham FC, 'Johnny Haynes, the first £100-a-week player' (fulhamfc.com) · wiedza
It had been raised step by step since the Second World War.
Źródło: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · wiedza
Clubs could no longer hold a player without a contract indefinitely.
Źródło: The National Archives, 'Eastham v Newcastle United, 1963'; PFA · wiedza
It later became the Professional Footballers' Association.
Źródło: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · wiedza
FIFA's Article 17 lets a player end a contract early by paying compensation.
Źródło: FIFA, Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players, Article 17; Court of Arbitration for Sport, Webster ruling (2008) · wiedza
Hill later became a manager and a television presenter.
Źródło: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · wiedza
1907, 1961, 1963 and 2006.
Źródło: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · wiedza
1901, 1947 and 1958.
Źródło: Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · wiedza
Haynes captained Fulham and England.
Źródło: Fulham FC, 'Johnny Haynes, the first £100-a-week player' (fulhamfc.com) · wiedza
9.95Shirt Sponsors
Jägermeister's stag, Liverpool and Hitachi, Sharp, Zanussi, JVC and Athletic's first sponsor.
Test 1Shirt sponsorshipRozwiąż test
They changed their crest to match the sponsor's logo.
Źródło: Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com) · wiedza
The sponsor was the Japanese company Hitachi.
Źródło: Liverpool FC, 'Hitachi: the first shirt sponsor in English top flight' (liverpoolfc.com) · wiedza
It was one of the longest shirt deals in English football.
Źródło: Manchester United, 'Sharp shirts 1982-2000' (manutd.com) · wiedza
Zanussi made kitchen appliances.
Źródło: Real Madrid, 'Zanussi, el primer patrocinador' (realmadrid.com) · wiedza
The Basque oil refiner's name appeared for the club's 110th anniversary season.
Źródło: Athletic Club, 'Petronor, the first sponsor on the shirt' (athletic-club.eus) · wiedza
JVC stayed on the shirt until 1999.
Źródło: Arsenal FC, 'JVC 1981' (arsenal.com) · wiedza
Advertising was not allowed, but a crest was.
Źródło: Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com) · wiedza
1973, 1979, 1981 and 1982.
Źródło: Club histories: eintracht.com, liverpoolfc.com, arsenal.com, manutd.com, realmadrid.com, athletic-club.eus · wiedza
1982, 1999 and 2008.
Źródło: Club histories: eintracht.com, liverpoolfc.com, arsenal.com, manutd.com, realmadrid.com, athletic-club.eus · wiedza
The stag with a cross between its antlers is the liqueur's logo.
Źródło: Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com) · wiedza
9.96What's in a Stadium Name
The Fußball Arena München, the Reebok, Signal Iduna Park, the Amex, King Power and bet365.
Test 1Stadium naming rightsRozwiąż test
The club and its sponsor agree a neutral name for those games.
Źródło: UEFA, 'Stadium naming rules in UEFA competitions' (uefa.com); FC Bayern (fcbayern.com) · wiedza
The sportswear firm had roots in the Bolton area.
Źródło: Bolton Wanderers, 'The Reebok Stadium' (bwfc.co.uk) · wiedza
The insurer is based in Dortmund.
Źródło: Borussia Dortmund, 'SIGNAL IDUNA PARK' (bvb.de) · wiedza
It opened in 2011 as the Juventus Stadium.
Źródło: Juventus, 'Allianz Stadium' (juventus.com) · wiedza
The betting firm is owned by the club's owners.
Źródło: Stoke City, 'bet365 Stadium' (stokecityfc.com) · wiedza
The duty-free retailer belonged to the club's owners.
Źródło: Leicester City, 'King Power Stadium' (lcfc.com) · wiedza
The card company has a large office in the city.
Źródło: Brighton & Hove Albion, 'The Amex' (brightonandhovealbion.com) · wiedza
1997, 2005, 2011, 2016 and 2017.
Źródło: Club stadium pages: bwfc.co.uk, bvb.de, lcfc.com, brightonandhovealbion.com, stokecityfc.com, juventus.com · wiedza
1974, 1997 i 2002.
Źródło: Club stadium pages: bwfc.co.uk, bvb.de, lcfc.com, brightonandhovealbion.com, stokecityfc.com, juventus.com · wiedza
The same applies to other sponsored grounds in Europe.
Źródło: UEFA, 'Stadium naming rules in UEFA competitions' (uefa.com); FC Bayern (fcbayern.com) · wiedza
9.97Pomoc społecznościom
Common Goal, Rashford's school meals, Soccer Aid, the Homeless and Street Child World Cups, Mané and Drogba.
Test 1Football and charityRozwiąż test
Robbie Williams and Jonathan Wilkes set it up.
Źródło: Soccer Aid for UNICEF, 'History' (socceraid.org.uk) · wiedza
It was held before the World Cup in South Africa.
Źródło: Street Child World Cup, 'About' (streetchildunited.org) · wiedza
Again it came just before a World Cup.
Źródło: Street Child World Cup, 'About' (streetchildunited.org) · wiedza
Schmied edited a street newspaper sold by homeless people.
Źródło: Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Founders Mel Young and Harald Schmied' (homelessworldcup.org) · wiedza
It is the village where he grew up.
Źródło: Liverpool FC, 'Sadio Mané's hospital in Bambali' (liverpoolfc.com) · wiedza
He gave his sponsorship fees to the project.
Źródło: Didier Drogba Foundation (fondationdidierdrogba.org); Chelsea FC · wiedza
He gave his bonus to fund surgery for 23 children.
Źródło: Arsenal FC and DFB reports on Mesut Özil's 2014 World Cup donation (arsenal.com; dfb.de) · wiedza
2003, 2006, 2010 and 2014.
Źródło: Common Goal, Soccer Aid, Homeless World Cup and Street Child United histories · wiedza
2006, 2014 and 2021.
Źródło: Common Goal, Soccer Aid, Homeless World Cup and Street Child United histories · wiedza
It took place in September 2003.
Źródło: Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Our story' (homelessworldcup.org) · wiedza
9.98The Pools, Fantasy and Video Games
Littlewoods, Fantasy Football League, FPL, Championship Manager, Sensible Soccer and EA Sports FC.
Test 1Pools and gamesRozwiąż test
Millions filled in its coupons each week.
Źródło: Littlewoods Pools history; National Football Museum, 'The football pools' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · wiedza
It was presented by Frank Skinner and David Baddiel.
Źródło: BBC, 'Fantasy Football League' (1994); Premier League, 'Fantasy Premier League' (fantasy.premierleague.com) · wiedza
It now has millions of players around the world.
Źródło: BBC, 'Fantasy Football League' (1994); Premier League, 'Fantasy Premier League' (fantasy.premierleague.com) · wiedza
Their studio, Sports Interactive, later made Football Manager.
Źródło: Sports Interactive, 'Our history' (sigames.com) · wiedza
The licence deal with FIFA ended after thirty years.
Źródło: Electronic Arts, 'EA SPORTS FC' (ea.com); Konami, 'Pro Evolution Soccer' (konami.com) · wiedza
It was known for its tiny players seen from above.
Źródło: Sensible Software history; National Videogame Museum (thenvm.org) · wiedza
In Japan it was called Winning Eleven.
Źródło: Electronic Arts, 'EA SPORTS FC' (ea.com); Konami, 'Pro Evolution Soccer' (konami.com) · wiedza
1923, 1992, 1994, 2002 and 2023.
Źródło: Publishers' release records: ea.com, sigames.com, konami.com · wiedza
1992, 1993 and 2001.
Źródło: Publishers' release records: ea.com, sigames.com, konami.com · wiedza
A line of score draws could win a fortune.
Źródło: Littlewoods Pools history; National Football Museum, 'The football pools' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · wiedza
9.99Commentators' Famous Lines
Lillelien in 1981, the cosmic kite, Agüerooooo, the Crazy Gang and 'It's up for grabs now'.
Test 1Famous commentaryRozwiąż test
He listed famous British names, from Lord Nelson to Margaret Thatcher.
Źródło: NRK, 'Lillelien: Your boys took a hell of a beating' (nrk.no, 1981) · wiedza
'Barrilete cósmico' became one of the most famous calls in Spanish.
Źródło: AFA and Radio Uruguay archives, 'Barrilete cósmico' (1986) · wiedza
Manchester City scored twice in stoppage time on the last day.
Źródło: Sky Sports, 'Agüerooooo: Martin Tyler's call, 2012' (skysports.com) · wiedza
It was his nickname for Liverpool's stylish side.
Źródło: BBC, 'John Motson's greatest lines' (bbc.co.uk) · wiedza
Arsenal won the 1989 title on the last night of the season.
Źródło: ITV Sport, '1989: Brian Moore and Arsenal at Anfield' (itv.com) · wiedza
Lee scored for Derby against his old club, Manchester City.
Źródło: BBC, 'Barry Davies: Interesting... very interesting' (bbc.co.uk, 1974) · wiedza
Norway had won the World Cup qualifier 2-1 in Oslo.
Źródło: NRK, 'Lillelien: Your boys took a hell of a beating' (nrk.no, 1981) · wiedza
1966, 1981, 1986, 1989 and 2012.
Źródło: BBC, ITV, NRK and Sky Sports archives · wiedza
1988, 1989 and 2012.
Źródło: BBC, ITV, NRK and Sky Sports archives · wiedza
Tyler had commentated for Sky since the start of the Premier League.
Źródło: Sky Sports, 'Agüerooooo: Martin Tyler's call, 2012' (skysports.com) · wiedza
9.100Fans on Tour
Fan Fests, the Roligans, Japan's tidy stands, Ireland's medal, the Viking clap and Wales in 2016.
Test 1Fans at tournamentsRozwiąż test
Big screens in city centres drew millions who had no tickets.
Źródło: FIFA, 'FIFA Fan Fest: from 2006 to today' (fifa.com) · wiedza
'Rolig' means calm in Danish, a play on 'hooligans'.
Źródło: Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'Roligans' (dbu.dk) · wiedza
The players also left their dressing room spotless.
Źródło: Japan Football Association and FIFA, 'Japan fans clean up' (fifa.com, 2018 and 2022) · wiedza
They were praised for their good humour across France.
Źródło: Football Association of Ireland, 'Paris honours Irish fans, Euro 2016' (fai.ie) · wiedza
The chant became one of the songs of the summer.
Źródło: Irish Football Association, 'Euro 2016: the Green and White Army' (irishfa.com); UEFA · wiedza
Fans sang that they did not want to go back home.
Źródło: Football Association of Wales, 'Don't take me home, Euro 2016' (faw.cymru) · wiedza
The room was left spotless, too.
Źródło: Japan Football Association and FIFA, 'Japan fans clean up' (fifa.com, 2018 and 2022) · wiedza
1986, 2006, 2016 and 2022.
Źródło: UEFA, FIFA and federation records of fans at tournaments · wiedza
11 June, 27 June and 1 July 2016.
Źródło: UEFA, FIFA and federation records of fans at tournaments · wiedza
The clap echoed around the stadiums of France.
Źródło: Football Association of Iceland, 'The Viking clap' (ksi.is); UEFA Euro 2016 · wiedza
Źródła
Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: clubs' and federations' own histories, the BBC and other broadcasters, the PFA, publishers and charities' own pages.
- BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk)6
- Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com)6
- Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com)3
- Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it)3
- Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com)3
- Club heritage pages (acmilan.com, mancity.com, celticfc.com) and When Saturday Comes2
- National Football Museum, 'Subbuteo' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)2
- Panini, Subbuteo and National Football Museum histories2
- BBC, 'Grandstand 1958-2007' (bbc.co.uk)2
- Fulham FC, 'Johnny Haynes, the first £100-a-week player' (fulhamfc.com)2
- Club histories: eintracht.com, liverpoolfc.com, arsenal.com, manutd.com, realmadrid.com, athletic-club.eus2
- UEFA, 'Stadium naming rules in UEFA competitions' (uefa.com); FC Bayern (fcbayern.com)2
- Club stadium pages: bwfc.co.uk, bvb.de, lcfc.com, brightonandhovealbion.com, stokecityfc.com, juventus.com2
- Street Child World Cup, 'About' (streetchildunited.org)2
- Common Goal, Soccer Aid, Homeless World Cup and Street Child United histories2
- Littlewoods Pools history; National Football Museum, 'The football pools' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)2
- BBC, 'Fantasy Football League' (1994); Premier League, 'Fantasy Premier League' (fantasy.premierleague.com)2
- Electronic Arts, 'EA SPORTS FC' (ea.com); Konami, 'Pro Evolution Soccer' (konami.com)2
- Publishers' release records: ea.com, sigames.com, konami.com2
- NRK, 'Lillelien: Your boys took a hell of a beating' (nrk.no, 1981)2
- Sky Sports, 'Agüerooooo: Martin Tyler's call, 2012' (skysports.com)2
- BBC, ITV, NRK and Sky Sports archives2
- Japan Football Association and FIFA, 'Japan fans clean up' (fifa.com, 2018 and 2022)2
- UEFA, FIFA and federation records of fans at tournaments2
- AC Milan, 'La Fossa dei Leoni' (acmilan.com)1
- When Saturday Comes, 'About us' (wsc.co.uk)1
- Lech Poznań, 'The Poznań' (lechpoznan.pl)1
- Celtic FC, 'The Huddle' (celticfc.com)1
- National Football Museum, 'Rattles and rosettes' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)1
- UK Intellectual Property Office, patent of Harold Searles Thornton (1921); National Football Museum1
- Shoot! magazine archive (shoot.co.uk); Match magazine1
- The FA, '1970 World Cup coin collection' (englandfootball.com)1
- The FA, '1938: the first FA Cup final shown live in full' (thefa.com)1
- FIFA, '1954: the first televised World Cup' (inside.fifa.com)1
- The National Archives, 'Eastham v Newcastle United, 1963'; PFA1
- FIFA, Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players, Article 17; Court of Arbitration for Sport, Webster ruling (2008)1
- Liverpool FC, 'Hitachi: the first shirt sponsor in English top flight' (liverpoolfc.com)1
- Manchester United, 'Sharp shirts 1982-2000' (manutd.com)1
- Real Madrid, 'Zanussi, el primer patrocinador' (realmadrid.com)1
- Athletic Club, 'Petronor, the first sponsor on the shirt' (athletic-club.eus)1
- Arsenal FC, 'JVC 1981' (arsenal.com)1
- Bolton Wanderers, 'The Reebok Stadium' (bwfc.co.uk)1
- Borussia Dortmund, 'SIGNAL IDUNA PARK' (bvb.de)1
- Juventus, 'Allianz Stadium' (juventus.com)1
- Stoke City, 'bet365 Stadium' (stokecityfc.com)1
- Leicester City, 'King Power Stadium' (lcfc.com)1
- Brighton & Hove Albion, 'The Amex' (brightonandhovealbion.com)1
- Soccer Aid for UNICEF, 'History' (socceraid.org.uk)1
- Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Founders Mel Young and Harald Schmied' (homelessworldcup.org)1
- Liverpool FC, 'Sadio Mané's hospital in Bambali' (liverpoolfc.com)1
- Didier Drogba Foundation (fondationdidierdrogba.org); Chelsea FC1
- Arsenal FC and DFB reports on Mesut Özil's 2014 World Cup donation (arsenal.com; dfb.de)1
- Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Our story' (homelessworldcup.org)1
- Sports Interactive, 'Our history' (sigames.com)1
- Sensible Software history; National Videogame Museum (thenvm.org)1
- AFA and Radio Uruguay archives, 'Barrilete cósmico' (1986)1
- BBC, 'John Motson's greatest lines' (bbc.co.uk)1
- ITV Sport, '1989: Brian Moore and Arsenal at Anfield' (itv.com)1
- BBC, 'Barry Davies: Interesting... very interesting' (bbc.co.uk, 1974)1
- FIFA, 'FIFA Fan Fest: from 2006 to today' (fifa.com)1
- Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'Roligans' (dbu.dk)1
- Football Association of Ireland, 'Paris honours Irish fans, Euro 2016' (fai.ie)1
- Irish Football Association, 'Euro 2016: the Green and White Army' (irishfa.com); UEFA1
- Football Association of Wales, 'Don't take me home, Euro 2016' (faw.cymru)1
- Football Association of Iceland, 'The Viking clap' (ksi.is); UEFA Euro 20161