Football · Faits intéressants
Chapitre 1 : Histoire et origines
10 tests · 100 faits · mis à jour le 23 octobre 2026 · markdown
How football became one game: medieval bans and folk football, the Cambridge and Sheffield codes, the FA and its first cups, the home nations, the spread abroad, the early Olympics and football in wartime.
1.11Origines et codification
Comment la Football Association a été formée, qui a rédigé ses premières Lois du Jeu, les premiers matchs et compétitions attestés sous ces lois, et la fondation de la FIFA quatre décennies plus tard.
Test 1La fondation de la FA et ses premières LoisFaire un test
La FA a été fondée un lundi soir, le 26 octobre 1863, à la Freemasons' Tavern, sur Great Queen Street, à Londres.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
L'histoire officielle de la FA indique que des représentants d'une douzaine de clubs londoniens et de banlieue ont assisté à la réunion de fondation.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
Ebenezer Cobb Morley, qui avait fondé le Barnes FC en 1862, a rédigé les règles initiales de la FA.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
Les lois de la FA ont finalement été approuvées lors de la sixième réunion des clubs fondateurs, le 8 décembre 1863.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
Les lois approuvées ont été publiées par John Lillywhite, de Seymour Street, dans une brochure vendue un shilling et six pence.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
Le 19 décembre 1863, Barnes a affronté Richmond à Limes Field, à Barnes, et le match s'est terminé sur un score nul et vierge.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
Le secrétaire de la FA Charles Alcock a proposé, le 20 juillet 1871, le tournoi à élimination directe qui allait devenir la FA Cup.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
Les Wanderers ont remporté la première finale de la FA Cup 1-0 contre les Royal Engineers devant environ 2000 spectateurs à Kennington Oval.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
L'Écosse et l'Angleterre ont fait match nul 0-0 au West of Scotland Cricket Ground, à Partick, Glasgow, le 30 novembre 1872, match reconnu comme le premier international officiel.
Source : FIFA Museum, fifamuseum.com/en/explore/fifamuseumplus/blog/Scotland-v-England-1 · restitution
La FIFA a été fondée le 21 mai 1904 au 229 rue Saint-Honoré, à Paris, par sept associations, avec Robert Guérin comme premier président.
Source : FIFA official history, inside.fifa.com/media-releases/fifa-celebrates-120th-anniversary-of-foundation-in-paris · restitution
1.12L'essor du jeu et la première Coupe du monde
Comment le sport s'est professionnalisé et organisé entre les années 1880 et 1930 : le professionnalisme légal, la Football League, l'IFAB comme gardien des Lois, le vol et le remplacement de la FA Cup, ainsi que la première Coupe du monde de la FIFA et son trophée.
Test 1Professionnalisme, Football League, IFAB et première Coupe du mondeFaire un test
La FA a légalisé le professionnalisme en 1885, en le limitant aux joueurs nés ou résidant à une distance donnée de leur club.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
William McGregor a organisé la Football League, créée en 1888 avec douze clubs fondateurs après seulement deux réunions.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
L'histoire officielle de la FA indique que l'IFAB veille sur les Lois depuis 1886, année de sa création.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
L'histoire officielle de la FA note que la première Coupe du monde s'est tenue en Uruguay en 1930, mais que la FA n'y a pas engagé d'équipe.
Source : The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history · restitution
L'Uruguay a à la fois organisé et remporté la première Coupe du monde de la FIFA, disputée en 1930.
Source : Library of Congress World Cup research guide, guides.loc.gov/world-cup/uruguay-1930 · restitution
L'Uruguay a battu l'Argentine 4-2 en finale de la première Coupe du monde, disputée le 30 juillet 1930 à l'Estadio Centenario de Montevideo.
Source : Library of Congress World Cup research guide, guides.loc.gov/world-cup/uruguay-1930 · restitution
Treize nations ont participé à la première Coupe du monde, organisée en Uruguay en 1930.
Source : Library of Congress World Cup research guide, guides.loc.gov/world-cup/uruguay-1930 · restitution
Le trophée original de la FA Cup a été volé en 1895 dans la vitrine d'un magasin de Birmingham, où il était exposé avec l'accord du détenteur, Aston Villa, et n'a jamais été retrouvé.
Source : ITV News Central / FourFourTwo, articles sur le vol de la FA Cup · restitution
Le trophée de remplacement a été fabriqué par Howard Vaughton, ancien international anglais passé par Aston Villa et devenu orfèvre.
Source : ITV News Central / FourFourTwo, articles sur le vol de la FA Cup · restitution
Appelé à l'origine « Victoire », le trophée a été rebaptisé en 1946 pour marquer les 25 ans de présidence de Jules Rimet à la tête de la FIFA ; il a été attribué définitivement au Brésil en 1970 après son troisième titre, puis volé en 1983 et jamais retrouvé.
Source : Olympics.com / Britannica, olympics.com/en/news/fifa-world-cup-trophy-jules-rimet-history · restitution
1.13Premières modifications des Lois, nouveautés d'équipement et premier match féminin
Pour clore le chapitre : comment le penalty et les filets de but sont entrés dans les Lois, l'invention du protège-tibia, les premiers maillots numérotés, la modification de 1925 sur le hors-jeu et le premier match féminin attesté.
Test 1Premières modifications des Lois, nouveautés d'équipement et premier match fémininFaire un test
L'idée du gardien irlandais William McCrum, soumise à l'instance par le secrétaire de l'Irish FA Jack Reid, a été approuvée comme nouvelle Loi lors de la réunion de l'IFAB à Glasgow, le 2 juin 1891.
Source : Récits d'histoire du football sur la réunion de l'IFAB du 2 juin 1891, recoupés avec les comptes rendus des procès-verbaux de l'IFAB · restitution
Jusqu'en 1902, le penalty pouvait être tiré de n'importe quel point d'une ligne située à 12 yards de la ligne de but, et non depuis le point fixe d'aujourd'hui.
Source : Historiques recoupés de la Loi du penalty · restitution
Le filet de l'ingénieur de Liverpool John Alexander Brodie, breveté en 1890, a fait sa première apparition d'envergure lors d'un match représentatif Nord contre Sud à Nottingham le 10 janvier 1891 ; la Football League a rendu les filets obligatoires durant la saison 1891-92.
Source : Historiques recoupés du brevet du filet de but de Brodie · restitution
Sam Widdowson, de Nottingham Forest, a inventé les protège-tibias en 1874 en découpant une paire de jambières de cricket et en les fixant par-dessus ses bas.
Source : Historiques recoupés de Widdowson et de Nottingham Forest · restitution
Arsenal, en déplacement à Sheffield Wednesday, et Chelsea, à domicile contre Swansea Town, ont tous deux porté des maillots numérotés le 25 août 1928, mais l'expérience n'a duré que deux matches.
Source : Historiques recoupés de la numérotation des maillots dans le championnat d'Angleterre · restitution
L'expérience de numérotation de 1928 n'a duré que deux matches ; les numéros de maillot ne sont devenus obligatoires dans le championnat anglais qu'en 1939.
Source : Historiques recoupés de la numérotation des maillots dans le championnat d'Angleterre · restitution
Le British Ladies' Football Club a joué Nord contre Sud à Crouch End, à Londres, le 23 mars 1895 ; des matches féminins étaient recensés depuis 1881, mais la FIFA considère celui-ci comme la première rencontre officielle.
Source : Historiques recoupés du British Ladies' Football Club (National Football Museum, Hornsey Historical Society) · restitution
Le Nord a battu le Sud 7-1 devant environ 10 000 à 11 000 spectateurs à Crouch End.
Source : Historiques recoupés du British Ladies' Football Club · restitution
Nettie Honeyball a fait paraître des annonces dans la presse en 1894, qui ont réuni une trentaine de femmes pour former le British Ladies' Football Club, avec Lady Florence Dixie pour marraine.
Source : Historiques recoupés du British Ladies' Football Club · restitution
L'amendement de 1925 a ramené l'exigence de hors-jeu de trois adversaires à deux, proche de la Loi encore en vigueur aujourd'hui, et a été suivi d'une forte hausse du nombre de buts.
Source : Historiques recoupés de l'évolution de la Loi du hors-jeu · restitution
1.14Before the Rules
Medieval bans, a 16th-century headmaster's advice, Royal Shrovetide and the school codes that came before 1863.
Test 1Folk football, bans and early codesFaire un test
The proclamation, issued in the name of Edward II, threatened anyone who played with prison.
Source : Calendar of Letter-Books of the City of London, Letter-Book D (1314), via British History Online (british-history.ac.uk) · restitution
Mayor Nicholas de Farndone forbade the game 'on pain of imprisonment'.
Source : Calendar of Letter-Books of the City of London, Letter-Book D (1314), via British History Online (british-history.ac.uk) · restitution
The act, passed under James I, was one of several that tried to push men towards archery practice.
Source : Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 (rps.ac.uk), acts of 1424 and 1457 · restitution
The act ordered that 'the fut bawe and the golf be utterly cryit doune', again to favour archery.
Source : Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 (rps.ac.uk), acts of 1424 and 1457 · restitution
Mulcaster, head of Merchant Taylors' School, praised the game's health benefits in his book 'Positions'.
Source : Richard Mulcaster, 'Positions' (1581), chapter 27, on football · restitution
The future Edward VIII 'turned up' the ball in 1928; the then Prince Charles did the same in 2003.
Source : Ashbourne Royal Shrovetide Football Committee, history of the game; Derbyshire County Council heritage pages · restitution
Students from different public schools drew up the Cambridge Rules so they could play one another.
Source : The FA, 'History of the FA' (thefa.com); Shrewsbury School archives on the 1856 Cambridge Rules · restitution
1314, 1363, 1424 and 1457.
Source : Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 (rps.ac.uk), acts of 1424 and 1457 · restitution
1848, 1858, 1862 and 1863.
Source : The FA, 'History of the FA' (thefa.com); Shrewsbury School archives on the 1856 Cambridge Rules · restitution
The goals stand three miles apart, at the sites of two old mills.
Source : Ashbourne Royal Shrovetide Football Committee, history of the game; Derbyshire County Council heritage pages · restitution
1.15Sheffield's Own Game
Sheffield FC, Hallam, the Youdan Cup and the Sheffield Rules that ran beside the FA's for twenty years.
Test 1Sheffield footballFaire un test
Both were young members of a local cricket club; their rules followed in 1858.
Source : Sheffield FC, 'Club history' (sheffieldfc.com) · restitution
The Sheffield code banned hacking five years before the London clubs argued about it.
Source : Sheffield FC, 'Club history' (sheffieldfc.com) · restitution
The two clubs first met on 26 December 1860, and the 'Rules Derby' is still played.
Source : Hallam FC, 'History' (hallamfc.co.uk); Guinness World Records, 'Oldest football ground' · restitution
He put up the silver cup for a knockout among twelve local clubs.
Source : Hallam FC, 'History' (hallamfc.co.uk); Guinness World Records, 'Oldest football ground' · restitution
Hallam beat Norfolk in the final at Bramall Lane; the trophy turned up again in 1997 and went back to the club.
Source : Hallam FC, 'History' (hallamfc.co.uk); Guinness World Records, 'Oldest football ground' · restitution
Played at Battersea Park under FA rules, it was the first match between two associations.
Source : The FA, 'History of the FA' (thefa.com) · restitution
The two codes had already traded ideas; the corner kick and the crossbar came from Sheffield.
Source : The FA, 'History of the FA' (thefa.com) · restitution
1857, 1858, 1860 and 1867.
Source : Sheffield FC, 'Club history' (sheffieldfc.com) · restitution
1857, 1860, 1862 and 1867; The Wednesday grew out of a cricket club.
Source : Sheffield Wednesday, 'Club history' (swfc.co.uk) · restitution
Guinness World Records lists Sandygate as the world's oldest football ground still in use.
Source : Hallam FC, 'History' (hallamfc.co.uk); Guinness World Records, 'Oldest football ground' · restitution
1.16Scotland, Wales and Ireland Organise
Queen's Park, the Scottish, Welsh and Irish associations, the Home Championship and Hampden's record crowd.
Test 1The home nationsFaire un test
After 152 years as amateurs, the club ended its 'Ludere Causa Ludendi' tradition in November 2019.
Source : Queen's Park FC, 'History' (queensparkfc.co.uk); BBC Sport, 'Queen's Park turn professional' (2019) · restitution
Their first goal against came in January 1875.
Source : Queen's Park FC, 'History' (queensparkfc.co.uk); BBC Sport, 'Queen's Park turn professional' (2019) · restitution
The finals of 1884 and 1885 were the only ones a Scottish club has played.
Source : Queen's Park FC, 'History' (queensparkfc.co.uk); BBC Sport, 'Queen's Park turn professional' (2019) · restitution
Scotland won 4-0 in Glasgow, weeks after the Welsh FA was formed in Wrexham.
Source : Football Association of Wales, 'History' (faw.cymru) · restitution
The Irish FA had been founded in Belfast the year before.
Source : Irish Football Association, 'History' (irishfa.com) · restitution
The competition had run since 1883-84, when Scotland won the first edition.
Source : Irish Football Association, 'History' (irishfa.com) · restitution
1863, 1873, 1876 and 1880.
Source : Scottish FA, 'History' (scottishfa.co.uk) · restitution
1867, 1875, 1884 and 2019.
Source : Queen's Park FC, 'History' (queensparkfc.co.uk); BBC Sport, 'Queen's Park turn professional' (2019) · restitution
The official figure of 149,415 is a European record for an international match.
Source : Hampden Park, 'Stadium history' (hampdenpark.co.uk); Scottish FA records · restitution
1.17The Game Goes Abroad
Teachers, miners and railwaymen who took football to South America, Spain, Italy, Denmark and Germany.
Test 1Football's spreadFaire un test
The Scot founded the English High School in Buenos Aires and led the first Argentine league in 1893.
Source : Asociación del Fútbol Argentino, 'Historia' (afa.com.ar) · restitution
Genoa beat Internazionale Torino in the final, just weeks after the Italian federation was founded.
Source : Genoa CFC, 'La storia' (genoacfc.it); FIGC, 'Albo d'oro' (figc.it) · restitution
British staff of the mining company founded the club in 1889.
Source : Real Club Recreativo de Huelva, 'Historia' (recreativohuelva.es) · restitution
KB began as a cricket and football club in Copenhagen.
Source : Kjøbenhavns Boldklub, 'Historie' (kb.dk); Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'DBU's historie' (dbu.dk) · restitution
The Dutch FA followed in December the same year.
Source : Kjøbenhavns Boldklub, 'Historie' (kb.dk); Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'DBU's historie' (dbu.dk) · restitution
He also wrote the first German rules of the game in 1875.
Source : Martino-Katharineum Braunschweig, 'Konrad Koch'; DFB, 'Geschichte des Fußballs in Deutschland' (dfb.de) · restitution
The club took its later name from the Peñarol district where the railway works stood.
Source : Club Atlético Peñarol, 'Historia' (penarol.org) · restitution
1867, 1876, 1889 and 1893.
Source : Asociación del Fútbol Argentino, 'Historia' (afa.com.ar) · restitution
1889, 1893, 1898 and 1900.
Source : FIGC (figc.it), DFB (dfb.de) and AFA (afa.com.ar) official histories · restitution
Miller had learned the game at school in Southampton; he organised São Paulo's first match the next year.
Source : Museu do Futebol, São Paulo, 'Charles Miller' (museudofutebol.org.br) · restitution
1.18Football at the Early Olympics
From Upton Park in 1900 to Uruguay in 1924: walk-offs, record scorers and the first lap of honour.
Test 1The early Olympic tournamentsFaire un test
They beat a French side 4-0; the medals were assigned later by the IOC.
Source : Olympics.com, official results and stories of the Olympic football tournaments · restitution
Great Britain beat Denmark 2-0 in the final at White City.
Source : FIFA, 'Olympic Football Tournaments' history (inside.fifa.com); Olympics.com · restitution
Denmark won the semi-final 17-1.
Source : Olympics.com, official results and stories of the Olympic football tournaments · restitution
Both records still stand at the Olympic tournament.
Source : Olympics.com, official results and stories of the Olympic football tournaments · restitution
Belgium took the gold; Czechoslovakia were disqualified and Spain won a play-off series for silver.
Source : Olympics.com, official results and stories of the Olympic football tournaments · restitution
Austria complained about fans on the pitch during extra time; Peru went home rather than play again.
Source : Olympics.com, official results and stories of the Olympic football tournaments · restitution
Since 1996 each squad may also add three older players.
Source : FIFA, 'Olympic Football Tournaments' history (inside.fifa.com); Olympics.com · restitution
1908, 1920, 1924 and 1952.
Source : Olympics.com, official results and stories of the Olympic football tournaments · restitution
1900, 1908, 1912 and 1920.
Source : Olympics.com, official results and stories of the Olympic football tournaments · restitution
The lap of honour is said to have begun with the Uruguayans' Olympic win in Colombes.
Source : Olympics.com, official results and stories of the Olympic football tournaments · restitution
1.19The FA Cup's First Decades
Wanderers, the Boat Race kick-off, Blackburn Olympic, Preston's Invincibles and the White Horse Final.
Test 1The FA Cup 1872-1923Faire un test
They won in 1872, 1873 and 1876-78.
Source : The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com) · restitution
The 'challenge round' was used only that once.
Source : The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com) · restitution
Wanderers beat Oxford University 2-0 at Lillie Bridge.
Source : The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com) · restitution
Their team of weavers and metalworkers beat Old Etonians 2-1 after extra time.
Source : The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com) · restitution
He won five of them, with Wanderers and Old Etonians.
Source : The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com) · restitution
They also went through the first Football League season unbeaten.
Source : The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com) · restitution
No other club from outside the Football League has won it since the League began.
Source : The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com) · restitution
1872, 1875, 1883 and 1889.
Source : The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com) · restitution
1872, 1895, 1920 and 1923.
Source : The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com) · restitution
PC George Scorey and his horse Billie edged a huge crowd back so Bolton and West Ham could play.
Source : Wembley Stadium, 'History' (wembleystadium.com); National Football Museum · restitution
1.20Football in Wartime
The Khaki Cup Final, a fixed match, a footballer's Victoria Cross, footballs on the Somme and Dynamo Moscow's tour.
Test 1Football in the two World WarsFaire un test
Sheffield United beat Chelsea 3-0 at Old Trafford; the competition then stopped until 1920.
Source : The FA, '1915: the Khaki Cup Final' (thefa.com); Sheffield United heritage (sufc.co.uk) · restitution
It was the last full league season until 1919-20.
Source : EFL, 'History of the Football League' and wartime seasons (efl.com) · restitution
United won the Good Friday match 2-0; most of the bans were lifted after the war.
Source : EFL, 'History of the Football League' and wartime seasons (efl.com) · restitution
He was killed on the Somme in July 1916, days after the action that won the award.
Source : Imperial War Museums, 'Donald Bell VC' (iwm.org.uk); Victoria Cross register, The National Archives · restitution
War was declared on 3 September 1939 and the results were wiped from the records.
Source : EFL, 'History of the Football League' and wartime seasons (efl.com) · restitution
Stars such as Stanley Matthews played for several clubs while in uniform.
Source : EFL, 'History of the Football League' and wartime seasons (efl.com) · restitution
Many in the crowd at White Hart Lane could barely see the pitch.
Source : Chelsea FC (chelseafc.com) and Arsenal FC (arsenal.com) heritage pages on the 1945 Dynamo tour · restitution
1915, 1916, 1939 and 1945.
Source : Imperial War Museums, 'Football at the Somme' (iwm.org.uk); Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment Museum · restitution
A 3-3 draw, a 10-1 win, a 4-3 win and a 2-2 draw, all in November 1945.
Source : Chelsea FC (chelseafc.com) and Arsenal FC (arsenal.com) heritage pages on the 1945 Dynamo tour · restitution
Nevill of the East Surrey Regiment offered a prize to the platoon that reached the German trench first; he was killed that morning.
Source : Imperial War Museums, 'Football at the Somme' (iwm.org.uk); Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment Museum · restitution
Sources
Sources primaires et officielles uniquement, sans citation de Wikipédia : The FA official history (thefa.com), FIFA Museum (fifamuseum.com) et les communiqués de la FIFA elle-même (inside.fifa.com). Reformulé avec nos propres mots ; questions originales rédigées.
- The FA official history, thefa.com/about-football-association/who-we-are/history12
- The FA, 'FA Cup history' and 'Past finals' (thefa.com)9
- Olympics.com, official results and stories of the Olympic football tournaments8
- Hallam FC, 'History' (hallamfc.co.uk); Guinness World Records, 'Oldest football ground'4
- Queen's Park FC, 'History' (queensparkfc.co.uk); BBC Sport, 'Queen's Park turn professional' (2019)4
- EFL, 'History of the Football League' and wartime seasons (efl.com)4
- Library of Congress World Cup research guide, guides.loc.gov/world-cup/uruguay-19303
- Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 (rps.ac.uk), acts of 1424 and 14573
- Sheffield FC, 'Club history' (sheffieldfc.com)3
- ITV News Central / FourFourTwo, articles sur le vol de la FA Cup2
- Historiques recoupés de la numérotation des maillots dans le championnat d'Angleterre2
- Historiques recoupés du British Ladies' Football Club2
- Calendar of Letter-Books of the City of London, Letter-Book D (1314), via British History Online (british-history.ac.uk)2
- Ashbourne Royal Shrovetide Football Committee, history of the game; Derbyshire County Council heritage pages2
- The FA, 'History of the FA' (thefa.com); Shrewsbury School archives on the 1856 Cambridge Rules2
- The FA, 'History of the FA' (thefa.com)2
- Irish Football Association, 'History' (irishfa.com)2
- Asociación del Fútbol Argentino, 'Historia' (afa.com.ar)2
- Kjøbenhavns Boldklub, 'Historie' (kb.dk); Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'DBU's historie' (dbu.dk)2
- FIFA, 'Olympic Football Tournaments' history (inside.fifa.com); Olympics.com2
- Chelsea FC (chelseafc.com) and Arsenal FC (arsenal.com) heritage pages on the 1945 Dynamo tour2
- Imperial War Museums, 'Football at the Somme' (iwm.org.uk); Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment Museum2
- FIFA Museum, fifamuseum.com/en/explore/fifamuseumplus/blog/Scotland-v-England-11
- FIFA official history, inside.fifa.com/media-releases/fifa-celebrates-120th-anniversary-of-foundation-in-paris1
- Olympics.com / Britannica, olympics.com/en/news/fifa-world-cup-trophy-jules-rimet-history1
- Récits d'histoire du football sur la réunion de l'IFAB du 2 juin 1891, recoupés avec les comptes rendus des procès-verbaux de l'IFAB1
- Historiques recoupés de la Loi du penalty1
- Historiques recoupés du brevet du filet de but de Brodie1
- Historiques recoupés de Widdowson et de Nottingham Forest1
- Historiques recoupés du British Ladies' Football Club (National Football Museum, Hornsey Historical Society)1
- Historiques recoupés de l'évolution de la Loi du hors-jeu1
- Richard Mulcaster, 'Positions' (1581), chapter 27, on football1
- Sheffield Wednesday, 'Club history' (swfc.co.uk)1
- SPFL, 'History of the Scottish League' (spfl.co.uk)1
- Football Association of Wales, 'History' (faw.cymru)1
- Scottish FA, 'History' (scottishfa.co.uk)1
- Hampden Park, 'Stadium history' (hampdenpark.co.uk); Scottish FA records1
- Genoa CFC, 'La storia' (genoacfc.it); FIGC, 'Albo d'oro' (figc.it)1
- Real Club Recreativo de Huelva, 'Historia' (recreativohuelva.es)1
- Martino-Katharineum Braunschweig, 'Konrad Koch'; DFB, 'Geschichte des Fußballs in Deutschland' (dfb.de)1
- Club Atlético Peñarol, 'Historia' (penarol.org)1
- FIGC (figc.it), DFB (dfb.de) and AFA (afa.com.ar) official histories1
- Museu do Futebol, São Paulo, 'Charles Miller' (museudofutebol.org.br)1
- Wembley Stadium, 'History' (wembleystadium.com); National Football Museum1
- The FA, '1915: the Khaki Cup Final' (thefa.com); Sheffield United heritage (sufc.co.uk)1
- Imperial War Museums, 'Donald Bell VC' (iwm.org.uk); Victoria Cross register, The National Archives1