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Chapter 10: Women's Football

10 тестов · 100 фактов · обновлено 23 октября 2026 г. · markdown

The women's game from the factory teams of 1917 to the professional era: Dick, Kerr Ladies and the Munitionettes, the unofficial World Cups, Women's World Cup firsts, women referees, pioneering players, clubs and leagues, the European Championship, the game around the world, the story in England and the coaches who made history.

10.101Before the Ban

The Munitionettes' Cup, Dick, Kerr Ladies, Alfred Frankland, the first international and the 1922 American tour.

Тест 1Early women's footballПройти тест

  1. Bella Reay scored a hat-trick in the replayed final.

    Источник: Blyth Spartans AFC, 'Blyth Spartans Ladies and Bella Reay' (blythspartans.com); National Football Museum · знание

  2. He worked in the factory's offices and arranged their matches and tours.

    Источник: National Football Museum, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies' and 'The Munitionettes' Cup' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · знание

  3. Shipyards and munitions works on the Tyne, Wear and Tees all had teams.

    Источник: Blyth Spartans AFC, 'Blyth Spartans Ladies and Bella Reay' (blythspartans.com); National Football Museum · знание

  4. American soccer had few women's teams, so they took on men's sides and held their own.

    Источник: National Football Museum and Preston North End heritage pages on Dick, Kerr Ladies · знание

  5. The final was replayed at Middlesbrough's Ayresome Park.

    Источник: Blyth Spartans AFC, 'Blyth Spartans Ladies and Bella Reay' (blythspartans.com); National Football Museum · знание

  6. Their charity games drew big crowds across England.

    Источник: National Football Museum and Preston North End heritage pages on Dick, Kerr Ladies · знание

  7. The first women's international was played there.

    Источник: Preston North End, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies at Deepdale' (pne.com) · знание

  8. 1918, 1920 and 1922.

    Источник: National Football Museum and Preston North End heritage pages on Dick, Kerr Ladies · знание

  9. 1917, 1920 and 1922.

    Источник: National Football Museum, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies' and 'The Munitionettes' Cup' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · знание

  10. Women workers formed the team during the First World War.

    Источник: National Football Museum, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies' and 'The Munitionettes' Cup' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · знание

10.102The Unofficial World Cups

Italy 1970, Mexico 1971, the Mundialito and FIFA's 1988 test tournament in China.

Тест 1Unofficial women's world championshipsПройти тест

  1. The tournament was organised outside FIFA.

    Источник: Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'VM-guld 1970 og 1971' (dbu.dk) · знание

  2. Crowds were huge, and Denmark won again.

    Источник: FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation · знание

  3. Denmark beat the hosts 3-0.

    Источник: FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation · знание

  4. Its success persuaded FIFA to hold the first Women's World Cup three years later.

    Источник: FIFA, '1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament' (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  5. Norway beat Sweden 1-0 in the final.

    Источник: FIFA, '1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament' (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  6. It brought national teams together before FIFA had its own tournament.

    Источник: FIGC, 'Il Mundialito femminile' (figc.it) · знание

  7. The hosts' team had captured the public's attention.

    Источник: FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation · знание

  8. 1970, 1971, 1981 and 1988.

    Источник: FIFA (fifa.com), DBU (dbu.dk) and FIGC (figc.it) records · знание

  9. 1988, 1991 and 1996.

    Источник: FIFA, '1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament' (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  10. Estimates put the crowd at more than 100,000.

    Источник: FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation · знание

10.103Women's World Cup Firsts

80-minute matches, the M&M's Cup, the SARS move, Japan's 2011 title and the first 32-team tournament.

Тест 1Women's World Cup historyПройти тест

  1. From 1995 women's World Cup matches lasted 90 minutes.

    Источник: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  2. It was called the FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&M's Cup.

    Источник: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  3. China were given the 2007 tournament instead.

    Источник: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  4. They beat the United States on penalties in Frankfurt.

    Источник: Japan Football Association, 'Nadeshiko Japan, world champions 2011' (jfa.jp) · знание

  5. She also won the Golden Boot.

    Источник: Japan Football Association, 'Nadeshiko Japan, world champions 2011' (jfa.jp) · знание

  6. VAR had been used at the men's tournament a year earlier.

    Источник: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  7. It was also the first co-hosted Women's World Cup.

    Источник: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  8. 1991, 1995, 1999 and 2003.

    Источник: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  9. 2011, 2015, 2019 and 2023.

    Источник: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  10. Players had protested that men's World Cups were played on grass.

    Источник: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · знание

10.104Women in the Middle

Steinhaus, Frappart, Welch, Yamashita and Massey-Ellis: the women who refereed men's football at the top.

Тест 1Women refereesПройти тест

  1. Her first top-flight match came in September 2017.

    Источник: DFB, 'Bibiana Steinhaus' (dfb.de) · знание

  2. It was the first major men's European final refereed by a woman.

    Источник: Fédération Française de Football, 'Stéphanie Frappart' (fff.fr); FIFA and UEFA match reports · знание

  3. Stéphanie Frappart refereed, with Neuza Back and Karen Díaz Medina as assistants.

    Источник: FIFA, 'Women referees at the 2022 World Cup' (fifa.com) · знание

  4. The game was played in December 2023.

    Источник: Professional Game Match Officials (PGMOL), 'Rebecca Welch' (pgmol.co.uk); Premier League · знание

  5. Rwanda's Salima Mukansanga was also selected.

    Источник: FIFA, 'Women referees at the 2022 World Cup' (fifa.com) · знание

  6. She refereed Juventus against Dynamo Kyiv.

    Источник: Fédération Française de Football, 'Stéphanie Frappart' (fff.fr); FIFA and UEFA match reports · знание

  7. She later officiated at major tournaments too.

    Источник: Professional Game Match Officials (PGMOL), 'Rebecca Welch' (pgmol.co.uk); Premier League · знание

  8. 2017, 2019, 2022 and 2023.

    Источник: DFB, FFF, UEFA, FIFA and PGMOL records · знание

  9. 2019, 2020 and 2022.

    Источник: Fédération Française de Football, 'Stéphanie Frappart' (fff.fr); FIFA and UEFA match reports · знание

  10. Hertha played Werder Bremen at the Olympiastadion.

    Источник: DFB, 'Bibiana Steinhaus' (dfb.de) · знание

10.105Pioneering Players

Sun Wen and Akers, Prinz's three awards, Sawa, Angerer and Christine Sinclair's 190 goals.

Тест 1Women's football pioneersПройти тест

  1. The award was decided by a FIFA panel.

    Источник: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  2. She won in 2003, 2004 and 2005.

    Источник: DFB, 'Birgit Prinz' and 'Nadine Angerer' (dfb.de) · знание

  3. She had captained Japan to the World Cup.

    Источник: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  4. She had saved two penalties in the Euro 2013 final.

    Источник: DFB, 'Birgit Prinz' and 'Nadine Angerer' (dfb.de) · знание

  5. She played at every tournament from 1995 to 2015.

    Источник: Japan Football Association, 'Nadeshiko Japan, world champions 2011' (jfa.jp) · знание

  6. It came in the team's second match.

    Источник: U.S. Soccer, 'Michelle Akers' (ussoccer.com) · знание

  7. She was the joint top scorer and best player at the 1999 Women's World Cup.

    Источник: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  8. 2000, 2003, 2011 and 2013.

    Источник: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  9. 1966, 1973, 1977 and 1978.

    Источник: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  10. She won Olympic gold with Canada in 2021.

    Источник: Canada Soccer, 'Christine Sinclair, 190 international goals' (canadasoccer.com) · знание

10.106Clubs and Leagues

Frankfurt, Umeå and Potsdam in Europe, the W-League, the WE League and a stadium built for women.

Тест 1Women's club footballПройти тест

  1. They beat Umeå in the final in Frankfurt.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  2. Marta played for them from 2004.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  3. The match finished 0-0 after extra time.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  4. It was called the W-League at first.

    Источник: Football Australia, 'A-League Women history' (keepup.com.au) · знание

  5. It replaced the semi-professional Nadeshiko League at the top.

    Источник: WE League, 'About' (weleague.jp) · знание

  6. It was staged at Getafe's stadium.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  7. They are based near Berlin.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  8. 2002, 2003 and 2005.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  9. 2008, 2011, 2021 and 2024.

    Источник: UEFA (uefa.com), Football Australia and WE League records · знание

  10. It stands on the riverfront in Kansas City.

    Источник: Kansas City Current, 'CPKC Stadium' (kcwoso.com) · знание

10.107The Women's Euros

Norway in 1987, Germany's first title, a golden goal in 2001, Denmark's upset of 2017 and sixteen teams.

Тест 1Women's European ChampionshipПройти тест

  1. They beat Sweden 2-1 in the final in Oslo.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  2. They beat Norway 4-1 in the final.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  3. Germany beat Norway in the final.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  4. Denmark won the quarter-final 2-1.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  5. 2009 had been the first with 12.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  6. Germany beat Sweden 1-0 in Ulm.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  7. Helsinki staged the final.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  8. 1987, 1989, 1991 and 1993.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  9. 1984, 1997, 2009 and 2017.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

  10. It was Germany's fifth European title in a row.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · знание

10.108Around the World

The Super Falcons, the Matildas, the Steel Roses, South Africa's first African title and Haiti's debut.

Тест 1Women's national teamsПройти тест

  1. The men's team are the Super Eagles.

    Источник: Nigeria Football Federation, 'Super Falcons' (thenff.com) · знание

  2. The name was chosen in a public vote in 1995.

    Источник: Football Australia, 'Why the Matildas?' (matildas.com.au) · знание

  3. Morocco were the hosts and reached their first final.

    Источник: South African Football Association, 'Banyana Banyana win WAFCON 2022' (safa.net); CAF · знание

  4. They are among the most successful youth sides in the women's game.

    Источник: FIFA, U-17 and U-20 Women's World Cup records (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  5. They were drawn against England, China and Denmark.

    Источник: Haitian Football Federation (fhf.ht); FIFA, 2023 Women's World Cup · знание

  6. They are the only team besides Nigeria and South Africa to have won it.

    Источник: FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and CAF (cafonline.com) records · знание

  7. Australia hosted the tournament with New Zealand.

    Источник: Football Australia, 'Why the Matildas?' (matildas.com.au) · знание

  8. 1991, 1995, 2019 and 2023.

    Источник: FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and CAF (cafonline.com) records · знание

  9. 2008, 2019 and 2022.

    Источник: FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and CAF (cafonline.com) records · знание

  10. They reached the 1999 World Cup final and won Olympic silver in 1996.

    Источник: Chinese Football Association, 'Steel Roses' (thecfa.cn) · знание

10.109The Story in England

The WFA, the Mitre Trophy, the first international, Hope Powell, Doncaster Belles and Arsenal Ladies.

Тест 1Women's football in EnglandПройти тест

  1. The FA lifted its ban on women's football two years later.

    Источник: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · знание

  2. It was then called the Mitre Trophy.

    Источник: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · знание

  3. England won 3-2 in Greenock.

    Источник: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · знание

  4. She was also the first woman to gain UEFA's Pro Licence.

    Источник: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · знание

  5. The club began in the 1960s, its players selling lottery tickets at Doncaster Rovers games.

    Источник: Doncaster Rovers Belles, 'Club history' (doncasterroversbelles.co.uk); The FA · знание

  6. He managed them for over two decades.

    Источник: Arsenal FC, 'Arsenal Women history' (arsenal.com) · знание

  7. They reached the quarter-finals in Sweden.

    Источник: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · знание

  8. 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1998.

    Источник: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · знание

  9. 1987, 1995 and 2011.

    Источник: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · знание

  10. The badge carries three lions.

    Источник: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · знание

10.110Coaches Who Made History

Pellerud, Theune, Sasaki, Diacre, Morace, Chan Yuen-ting and Shelley Kerr.

Тест 1Pioneering coachesПройти тест

  1. Germany beat Sweden with a golden goal in the final.

    Источник: DFB, 'Tina Theune, Weltmeistertrainerin 2003' (dfb.de) · знание

  2. He was named FIFA's women's coach of the year.

    Источник: Japan Football Association, 'Norio Sasaki' (jfa.jp) · знание

  3. Norway beat Germany 2-0 in the final in Stockholm.

    Источник: Norwegian FA, 'Even Pellerud and the 1995 world champions' (fotball.no) · знание

  4. She took charge of Clermont Foot in Ligue 2.

    Источник: Clermont Foot, 'Corinne Diacre' (clermontfoot.com) · знание

  5. She coached Viterbese in Serie C.

    Источник: FIGC and Viterbese records, 'Carolina Morace, 1999' · знание

  6. Her club won the league in her first full season in charge.

    Источник: Hong Kong Football Association, 'Eastern win the 2015-16 Premier League' (hkfa.com); AFC · знание

  7. She took charge of Stirling University's men in 2014.

    Источник: Scottish FA, 'Shelley Kerr' (scottishfa.co.uk); Stirling University FC · знание

  8. 1995, 1999, 2003, 2014 and 2016.

    Источник: DFB, JFA, Norwegian FA, HKFA and club records · знание

  9. 1995, 2003 and 2011.

    Источник: DFB, JFA, Norwegian FA, HKFA and club records · знание

  10. Chan Yuen-ting's Eastern won the Premier League.

    Источник: Hong Kong Football Association, 'Eastern win the 2015-16 Premier League' (hkfa.com); AFC · знание

Источники

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: FIFA, UEFA, CAF, the national federations, the National Football Museum and clubs' own histories.

  • UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com)10
  • FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com)8
  • The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com)8
  • UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com)6
  • FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com)5
  • FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation4
  • Blyth Spartans AFC, 'Blyth Spartans Ladies and Bella Reay' (blythspartans.com); National Football Museum3
  • National Football Museum, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies' and 'The Munitionettes' Cup' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)3
  • National Football Museum and Preston North End heritage pages on Dick, Kerr Ladies3
  • FIFA, '1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament' (inside.fifa.com)3
  • Japan Football Association, 'Nadeshiko Japan, world champions 2011' (jfa.jp)3
  • Fédération Française de Football, 'Stéphanie Frappart' (fff.fr); FIFA and UEFA match reports3
  • FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and CAF (cafonline.com) records3
  • DFB, 'Bibiana Steinhaus' (dfb.de)2
  • FIFA, 'Women referees at the 2022 World Cup' (fifa.com)2
  • Professional Game Match Officials (PGMOL), 'Rebecca Welch' (pgmol.co.uk); Premier League2
  • DFB, 'Birgit Prinz' and 'Nadine Angerer' (dfb.de)2
  • Football Australia, 'Why the Matildas?' (matildas.com.au)2
  • Hong Kong Football Association, 'Eastern win the 2015-16 Premier League' (hkfa.com); AFC2
  • DFB, JFA, Norwegian FA, HKFA and club records2
  • Preston North End, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies at Deepdale' (pne.com)1
  • Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'VM-guld 1970 og 1971' (dbu.dk)1
  • FIGC, 'Il Mundialito femminile' (figc.it)1
  • FIFA (fifa.com), DBU (dbu.dk) and FIGC (figc.it) records1
  • DFB, FFF, UEFA, FIFA and PGMOL records1
  • U.S. Soccer, 'Michelle Akers' (ussoccer.com)1
  • Canada Soccer, 'Christine Sinclair, 190 international goals' (canadasoccer.com)1
  • Football Australia, 'A-League Women history' (keepup.com.au)1
  • WE League, 'About' (weleague.jp)1
  • UEFA (uefa.com), Football Australia and WE League records1
  • Kansas City Current, 'CPKC Stadium' (kcwoso.com)1
  • Nigeria Football Federation, 'Super Falcons' (thenff.com)1
  • South African Football Association, 'Banyana Banyana win WAFCON 2022' (safa.net); CAF1
  • FIFA, U-17 and U-20 Women's World Cup records (inside.fifa.com)1
  • Haitian Football Federation (fhf.ht); FIFA, 2023 Women's World Cup1
  • Chinese Football Association, 'Steel Roses' (thecfa.cn)1
  • Doncaster Rovers Belles, 'Club history' (doncasterroversbelles.co.uk); The FA1
  • Arsenal FC, 'Arsenal Women history' (arsenal.com)1
  • DFB, 'Tina Theune, Weltmeistertrainerin 2003' (dfb.de)1
  • Japan Football Association, 'Norio Sasaki' (jfa.jp)1
  • Norwegian FA, 'Even Pellerud and the 1995 world champions' (fotball.no)1
  • Clermont Foot, 'Corinne Diacre' (clermontfoot.com)1
  • FIGC and Viterbese records, 'Carolina Morace, 1999'1
  • Scottish FA, 'Shelley Kerr' (scottishfa.co.uk); Stirling University FC1