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Piłka nożna · Ciekawostki

Chapter 10: Women's Football

10 testów · 100 faktów · zaktualizowano 23 października 2026 · markdown

The women's game from the factory teams of 1917 to the professional era: Dick, Kerr Ladies and the Munitionettes, the unofficial World Cups, Women's World Cup firsts, women referees, pioneering players, clubs and leagues, the European Championship, the game around the world, the story in England and the coaches who made history.

10.101Before the Ban

The Munitionettes' Cup, Dick, Kerr Ladies, Alfred Frankland, the first international and the 1922 American tour.

Test 1Early women's footballRozwiąż test

  1. Bella Reay scored a hat-trick in the replayed final.

    Źródło: Blyth Spartans AFC, 'Blyth Spartans Ladies and Bella Reay' (blythspartans.com); National Football Museum · wiedza

  2. He worked in the factory's offices and arranged their matches and tours.

    Źródło: National Football Museum, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies' and 'The Munitionettes' Cup' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · wiedza

  3. Shipyards and munitions works on the Tyne, Wear and Tees all had teams.

    Źródło: Blyth Spartans AFC, 'Blyth Spartans Ladies and Bella Reay' (blythspartans.com); National Football Museum · wiedza

  4. American soccer had few women's teams, so they took on men's sides and held their own.

    Źródło: National Football Museum and Preston North End heritage pages on Dick, Kerr Ladies · wiedza

  5. The final was replayed at Middlesbrough's Ayresome Park.

    Źródło: Blyth Spartans AFC, 'Blyth Spartans Ladies and Bella Reay' (blythspartans.com); National Football Museum · wiedza

  6. Their charity games drew big crowds across England.

    Źródło: National Football Museum and Preston North End heritage pages on Dick, Kerr Ladies · wiedza

  7. The first women's international was played there.

    Źródło: Preston North End, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies at Deepdale' (pne.com) · wiedza

  8. 1918, 1920 and 1922.

    Źródło: National Football Museum and Preston North End heritage pages on Dick, Kerr Ladies · wiedza

  9. 1917, 1920 and 1922.

    Źródło: National Football Museum, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies' and 'The Munitionettes' Cup' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · wiedza

  10. Women workers formed the team during the First World War.

    Źródło: National Football Museum, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies' and 'The Munitionettes' Cup' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · wiedza

10.102The Unofficial World Cups

Italy 1970, Mexico 1971, the Mundialito and FIFA's 1988 test tournament in China.

Test 1Unofficial women's world championshipsRozwiąż test

  1. The tournament was organised outside FIFA.

    Źródło: Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'VM-guld 1970 og 1971' (dbu.dk) · wiedza

  2. Crowds were huge, and Denmark won again.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation · wiedza

  3. Denmark beat the hosts 3-0.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation · wiedza

  4. Its success persuaded FIFA to hold the first Women's World Cup three years later.

    Źródło: FIFA, '1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament' (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  5. Norway beat Sweden 1-0 in the final.

    Źródło: FIFA, '1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament' (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  6. It brought national teams together before FIFA had its own tournament.

    Źródło: FIGC, 'Il Mundialito femminile' (figc.it) · wiedza

  7. The hosts' team had captured the public's attention.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation · wiedza

  8. 1970, 1971, 1981 and 1988.

    Źródło: FIFA (fifa.com), DBU (dbu.dk) and FIGC (figc.it) records · wiedza

  9. 1988, 1991 and 1996.

    Źródło: FIFA, '1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament' (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  10. Estimates put the crowd at more than 100,000.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation · wiedza

10.103Women's World Cup Firsts

80-minute matches, the M&M's Cup, the SARS move, Japan's 2011 title and the first 32-team tournament.

Test 1Women's World Cup historyRozwiąż test

  1. From 1995 women's World Cup matches lasted 90 minutes.

    Źródło: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  2. It was called the FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&M's Cup.

    Źródło: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  3. China were given the 2007 tournament instead.

    Źródło: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  4. They beat the United States on penalties in Frankfurt.

    Źródło: Japan Football Association, 'Nadeshiko Japan, world champions 2011' (jfa.jp) · wiedza

  5. She also won the Golden Boot.

    Źródło: Japan Football Association, 'Nadeshiko Japan, world champions 2011' (jfa.jp) · wiedza

  6. VAR had been used at the men's tournament a year earlier.

    Źródło: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  7. It was also the first co-hosted Women's World Cup.

    Źródło: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  8. 1991, 1995, 1999 and 2003.

    Źródło: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  9. 2011, 2015, 2019 and 2023.

    Źródło: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  10. Players had protested that men's World Cups were played on grass.

    Źródło: FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

10.104Women in the Middle

Steinhaus, Frappart, Welch, Yamashita and Massey-Ellis: the women who refereed men's football at the top.

Test 1Women refereesRozwiąż test

  1. Her first top-flight match came in September 2017.

    Źródło: DFB, 'Bibiana Steinhaus' (dfb.de) · wiedza

  2. It was the first major men's European final refereed by a woman.

    Źródło: Fédération Française de Football, 'Stéphanie Frappart' (fff.fr); FIFA and UEFA match reports · wiedza

  3. Stéphanie Frappart refereed, with Neuza Back and Karen Díaz Medina as assistants.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'Women referees at the 2022 World Cup' (fifa.com) · wiedza

  4. The game was played in December 2023.

    Źródło: Professional Game Match Officials (PGMOL), 'Rebecca Welch' (pgmol.co.uk); Premier League · wiedza

  5. Rwanda's Salima Mukansanga was also selected.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'Women referees at the 2022 World Cup' (fifa.com) · wiedza

  6. She refereed Juventus against Dynamo Kyiv.

    Źródło: Fédération Française de Football, 'Stéphanie Frappart' (fff.fr); FIFA and UEFA match reports · wiedza

  7. She later officiated at major tournaments too.

    Źródło: Professional Game Match Officials (PGMOL), 'Rebecca Welch' (pgmol.co.uk); Premier League · wiedza

  8. 2017, 2019, 2022 and 2023.

    Źródło: DFB, FFF, UEFA, FIFA and PGMOL records · wiedza

  9. 2019, 2020 and 2022.

    Źródło: Fédération Française de Football, 'Stéphanie Frappart' (fff.fr); FIFA and UEFA match reports · wiedza

  10. Hertha played Werder Bremen at the Olympiastadion.

    Źródło: DFB, 'Bibiana Steinhaus' (dfb.de) · wiedza

10.105Pioneering Players

Sun Wen and Akers, Prinz's three awards, Sawa, Angerer and Christine Sinclair's 190 goals.

Test 1Women's football pioneersRozwiąż test

  1. The award was decided by a FIFA panel.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  2. She won in 2003, 2004 and 2005.

    Źródło: DFB, 'Birgit Prinz' and 'Nadine Angerer' (dfb.de) · wiedza

  3. She had captained Japan to the World Cup.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  4. She had saved two penalties in the Euro 2013 final.

    Źródło: DFB, 'Birgit Prinz' and 'Nadine Angerer' (dfb.de) · wiedza

  5. She played at every tournament from 1995 to 2015.

    Źródło: Japan Football Association, 'Nadeshiko Japan, world champions 2011' (jfa.jp) · wiedza

  6. It came in the team's second match.

    Źródło: U.S. Soccer, 'Michelle Akers' (ussoccer.com) · wiedza

  7. She was the joint top scorer and best player at the 1999 Women's World Cup.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  8. 2000, 2003, 2011 and 2013.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  9. 1966, 1973, 1977 and 1978.

    Źródło: FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  10. She won Olympic gold with Canada in 2021.

    Źródło: Canada Soccer, 'Christine Sinclair, 190 international goals' (canadasoccer.com) · wiedza

10.106Clubs and Leagues

Frankfurt, Umeå and Potsdam in Europe, the W-League, the WE League and a stadium built for women.

Test 1Women's club footballRozwiąż test

  1. They beat Umeå in the final in Frankfurt.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  2. Marta played for them from 2004.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  3. The match finished 0-0 after extra time.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  4. It was called the W-League at first.

    Źródło: Football Australia, 'A-League Women history' (keepup.com.au) · wiedza

  5. It replaced the semi-professional Nadeshiko League at the top.

    Źródło: WE League, 'About' (weleague.jp) · wiedza

  6. It was staged at Getafe's stadium.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  7. They are based near Berlin.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  8. 2002, 2003 and 2005.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  9. 2008, 2011, 2021 and 2024.

    Źródło: UEFA (uefa.com), Football Australia and WE League records · wiedza

  10. It stands on the riverfront in Kansas City.

    Źródło: Kansas City Current, 'CPKC Stadium' (kcwoso.com) · wiedza

10.107The Women's Euros

Norway in 1987, Germany's first title, a golden goal in 2001, Denmark's upset of 2017 and sixteen teams.

Test 1Women's European ChampionshipRozwiąż test

  1. They beat Sweden 2-1 in the final in Oslo.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  2. They beat Norway 4-1 in the final.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  3. Germany beat Norway in the final.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  4. Denmark won the quarter-final 2-1.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  5. 2009 had been the first with 12.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  6. Germany beat Sweden 1-0 in Ulm.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  7. Helsinki staged the final.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  8. 1987, 1989, 1991 and 1993.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  9. 1984, 1997, 2009 and 2017.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

  10. It was Germany's fifth European title in a row.

    Źródło: UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com) · wiedza

10.108Around the World

The Super Falcons, the Matildas, the Steel Roses, South Africa's first African title and Haiti's debut.

Test 1Women's national teamsRozwiąż test

  1. The men's team are the Super Eagles.

    Źródło: Nigeria Football Federation, 'Super Falcons' (thenff.com) · wiedza

  2. The name was chosen in a public vote in 1995.

    Źródło: Football Australia, 'Why the Matildas?' (matildas.com.au) · wiedza

  3. Morocco were the hosts and reached their first final.

    Źródło: South African Football Association, 'Banyana Banyana win WAFCON 2022' (safa.net); CAF · wiedza

  4. They are among the most successful youth sides in the women's game.

    Źródło: FIFA, U-17 and U-20 Women's World Cup records (inside.fifa.com) · wiedza

  5. They were drawn against England, China and Denmark.

    Źródło: Haitian Football Federation (fhf.ht); FIFA, 2023 Women's World Cup · wiedza

  6. They are the only team besides Nigeria and South Africa to have won it.

    Źródło: FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and CAF (cafonline.com) records · wiedza

  7. Australia hosted the tournament with New Zealand.

    Źródło: Football Australia, 'Why the Matildas?' (matildas.com.au) · wiedza

  8. 1991, 1995, 2019 and 2023.

    Źródło: FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and CAF (cafonline.com) records · wiedza

  9. 2008, 2019 and 2022.

    Źródło: FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and CAF (cafonline.com) records · wiedza

  10. They reached the 1999 World Cup final and won Olympic silver in 1996.

    Źródło: Chinese Football Association, 'Steel Roses' (thecfa.cn) · wiedza

10.109The Story in England

The WFA, the Mitre Trophy, the first international, Hope Powell, Doncaster Belles and Arsenal Ladies.

Test 1Women's football in EnglandRozwiąż test

  1. The FA lifted its ban on women's football two years later.

    Źródło: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · wiedza

  2. It was then called the Mitre Trophy.

    Źródło: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · wiedza

  3. England won 3-2 in Greenock.

    Źródło: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · wiedza

  4. She was also the first woman to gain UEFA's Pro Licence.

    Źródło: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · wiedza

  5. The club began in the 1960s, its players selling lottery tickets at Doncaster Rovers games.

    Źródło: Doncaster Rovers Belles, 'Club history' (doncasterroversbelles.co.uk); The FA · wiedza

  6. He managed them for over two decades.

    Źródło: Arsenal FC, 'Arsenal Women history' (arsenal.com) · wiedza

  7. They reached the quarter-finals in Sweden.

    Źródło: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · wiedza

  8. 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1998.

    Źródło: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · wiedza

  9. 1987, 1995 and 2011.

    Źródło: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · wiedza

  10. The badge carries three lions.

    Źródło: The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com) · wiedza

10.110Coaches Who Made History

Pellerud, Theune, Sasaki, Diacre, Morace, Chan Yuen-ting and Shelley Kerr.

Test 1Pioneering coachesRozwiąż test

  1. Germany beat Sweden with a golden goal in the final.

    Źródło: DFB, 'Tina Theune, Weltmeistertrainerin 2003' (dfb.de) · wiedza

  2. He was named FIFA's women's coach of the year.

    Źródło: Japan Football Association, 'Norio Sasaki' (jfa.jp) · wiedza

  3. Norway beat Germany 2-0 in the final in Stockholm.

    Źródło: Norwegian FA, 'Even Pellerud and the 1995 world champions' (fotball.no) · wiedza

  4. She took charge of Clermont Foot in Ligue 2.

    Źródło: Clermont Foot, 'Corinne Diacre' (clermontfoot.com) · wiedza

  5. She coached Viterbese in Serie C.

    Źródło: FIGC and Viterbese records, 'Carolina Morace, 1999' · wiedza

  6. Her club won the league in her first full season in charge.

    Źródło: Hong Kong Football Association, 'Eastern win the 2015-16 Premier League' (hkfa.com); AFC · wiedza

  7. She took charge of Stirling University's men in 2014.

    Źródło: Scottish FA, 'Shelley Kerr' (scottishfa.co.uk); Stirling University FC · wiedza

  8. 1995, 1999, 2003, 2014 and 2016.

    Źródło: DFB, JFA, Norwegian FA, HKFA and club records · wiedza

  9. 1995, 2003 and 2011.

    Źródło: DFB, JFA, Norwegian FA, HKFA and club records · wiedza

  10. Chan Yuen-ting's Eastern won the Premier League.

    Źródło: Hong Kong Football Association, 'Eastern win the 2015-16 Premier League' (hkfa.com); AFC · wiedza

Źródła

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: FIFA, UEFA, CAF, the national federations, the National Football Museum and clubs' own histories.

  • UEFA, 'Women's EURO: history' (uefa.com)10
  • FIFA, Women's World Cup tournament histories 1991-2023 (inside.fifa.com)8
  • The FA, 'The history of women's football in England' (thefa.com; englandfootball.com)8
  • UEFA, 'Women's Champions League: history' (uefa.com)6
  • FIFA, 'FIFA Women's Player of the Century' (2000) and 'FIFA World Player' winners (inside.fifa.com)5
  • FIFA, 'The forgotten World Cup: Mexico 1971' (fifa.com); Mexican Football Federation4
  • Blyth Spartans AFC, 'Blyth Spartans Ladies and Bella Reay' (blythspartans.com); National Football Museum3
  • National Football Museum, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies' and 'The Munitionettes' Cup' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)3
  • National Football Museum and Preston North End heritage pages on Dick, Kerr Ladies3
  • FIFA, '1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament' (inside.fifa.com)3
  • Japan Football Association, 'Nadeshiko Japan, world champions 2011' (jfa.jp)3
  • Fédération Française de Football, 'Stéphanie Frappart' (fff.fr); FIFA and UEFA match reports3
  • FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and CAF (cafonline.com) records3
  • DFB, 'Bibiana Steinhaus' (dfb.de)2
  • FIFA, 'Women referees at the 2022 World Cup' (fifa.com)2
  • Professional Game Match Officials (PGMOL), 'Rebecca Welch' (pgmol.co.uk); Premier League2
  • DFB, 'Birgit Prinz' and 'Nadine Angerer' (dfb.de)2
  • Football Australia, 'Why the Matildas?' (matildas.com.au)2
  • Hong Kong Football Association, 'Eastern win the 2015-16 Premier League' (hkfa.com); AFC2
  • DFB, JFA, Norwegian FA, HKFA and club records2
  • Preston North End, 'Dick, Kerr Ladies at Deepdale' (pne.com)1
  • Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'VM-guld 1970 og 1971' (dbu.dk)1
  • FIGC, 'Il Mundialito femminile' (figc.it)1
  • FIFA (fifa.com), DBU (dbu.dk) and FIGC (figc.it) records1
  • DFB, FFF, UEFA, FIFA and PGMOL records1
  • U.S. Soccer, 'Michelle Akers' (ussoccer.com)1
  • Canada Soccer, 'Christine Sinclair, 190 international goals' (canadasoccer.com)1
  • Football Australia, 'A-League Women history' (keepup.com.au)1
  • WE League, 'About' (weleague.jp)1
  • UEFA (uefa.com), Football Australia and WE League records1
  • Kansas City Current, 'CPKC Stadium' (kcwoso.com)1
  • Nigeria Football Federation, 'Super Falcons' (thenff.com)1
  • South African Football Association, 'Banyana Banyana win WAFCON 2022' (safa.net); CAF1
  • FIFA, U-17 and U-20 Women's World Cup records (inside.fifa.com)1
  • Haitian Football Federation (fhf.ht); FIFA, 2023 Women's World Cup1
  • Chinese Football Association, 'Steel Roses' (thecfa.cn)1
  • Doncaster Rovers Belles, 'Club history' (doncasterroversbelles.co.uk); The FA1
  • Arsenal FC, 'Arsenal Women history' (arsenal.com)1
  • DFB, 'Tina Theune, Weltmeistertrainerin 2003' (dfb.de)1
  • Japan Football Association, 'Norio Sasaki' (jfa.jp)1
  • Norwegian FA, 'Even Pellerud and the 1995 world champions' (fotball.no)1
  • Clermont Foot, 'Corinne Diacre' (clermontfoot.com)1
  • FIGC and Viterbese records, 'Carolina Morace, 1999'1
  • Scottish FA, 'Shelley Kerr' (scottishfa.co.uk); Stirling University FC1