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Capítulo 7: Geografía y cultura

10 tests · 100 datos · actualizado el 23 de octubre de 2026 · markdown

Where football is played and how it shaped culture: FIFA's footprint, football's smallest nations, Africa, Asia and the Americas, the language of the game, songs and anthems, football on screen and in books, stands with stories and the museums that keep its treasures.

7.71La presencia global del fútbol

Hasta dónde llega el organismo rector del fútbol, dónde están geográficamente las raíces y los récords del juego, y la cultura detrás de dos famosos apodos de selecciones.

Test 1El alcance de la FIFA, la geografía del fútbol y la cultura de las seleccionesHacer un test

  1. Los 211 miembros de la FIFA incluyen territorios como Inglaterra, Escocia, Gales y Hong Kong que no son Estados soberanos miembros de la ONU, más que los 193 Estados de la ONU.

    Fuente: Historias contrastadas de los recuentos de miembros de la FIFA y la ONU · recuerdo

  2. La FIFA cita el cuju, un juego de patear una pelota de cuero documentado desde la época de la dinastía Han, como la prueba más antigua de un juego parecido al fútbol.

    Fuente: Historias contrastadas del reconocimiento del cuju por la FIFA · recuerdo

  3. Inaugurado en 1989, el estadio Rungrado 1.º de Mayo tiene capacidad para unos 114.000 espectadores tras una reforma en 2014, lo que lo convierte en el mayor estadio de fútbol del mundo por capacidad.

    Fuente: Historias contrastadas del Estadio Rungrado 1.º de Mayo · recuerdo

  4. El Estadio Hernando Siles de La Paz se encuentra a unos 3600 metros sobre el nivel del mar, lo que lo convierte en uno de los recintos más altos del fútbol internacional.

    Fuente: Historias contrastadas del Estadio Hernando Siles · recuerdo

  5. La selección neerlandesa viste de naranja y toma el apodo «Oranje» de la Casa de Orange-Nassau, la familia real descendiente de Guillermo de Orange.

    Fuente: Historias contrastadas del apodo Oranje · recuerdo

  6. Con una población de unos 335.000 habitantes, Islandia venció a Kosovo para clasificarse para el Mundial de 2018, con holgura la nación más pequeña que ha llegado al torneo.

    Fuente: Reportajes contrastados sobre la clasificación de Islandia para el Mundial de 2018 · recuerdo

  7. Después de que se culpara a la camiseta blanca de Brasil de la derrota en la final del Mundial de 1950, un concurso de un periódico de 1953 dio lugar a la camiseta amarilla, apodada «Canarinho» («canarito») por su color.

    Fuente: Historias contrastadas de la camiseta amarilla de Brasil · recuerdo

  8. Los 211 miembros de la FIFA pertenecen a una de las seis confederaciones: UEFA, CONMEBOL, CONCACAF, CAF, AFC y OFC.

    Fuente: FIFA, inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/news/statement-by-fifa-and-the-six-confederations · recuerdo

  9. Con orígenes al menos a finales del siglo XV y codificado formalmente en 1580, el Calcio Storico Fiorentino se sigue jugando cada junio en Florencia, con equipos de los cuatro barrios históricos de la ciudad.

    Fuente: Historias contrastadas del Calcio Storico Fiorentino · recuerdo

  10. San Marino venció a Liechtenstein por 1-0 el 5 de septiembre de 2024 en la Liga de Naciones, su primera victoria oficial: antes de ella, su balance en partidos oficiales era de 171 derrotas y cinco empates en 176 partidos.

    Fuente: Reportajes contrastados sobre la primera victoria de San Marino en un partido oficial, en 2024 · recuerdo

7.72Football's Smallest Nations

The Faroe Islands' first win, Gibraltar and Kosovo, the Other Final, American Samoa and Andorra.

Test 1Small football nationsHacer un test

  1. The European Championship qualifier was played in Landskrona, Sweden, because the islands had no grass pitch good enough.

    Fuente: Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · recuerdo

  2. UEFA would not allow the match on the islands' artificial pitches.

    Fuente: Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · recuerdo

  3. Its national team played its first official match against Slovakia that November.

    Fuente: Gibraltar FA, 'UEFA membership 2013' (gibraltarfa.com); UEFA · recuerdo

  4. Both votes came in May 2016.

    Fuente: Football Federation of Kosovo (ffk-kosova.com); FIFA and UEFA congress decisions, May 2016 · recuerdo

  5. The two lowest-ranked sides in the world met on the day of the Yokohama final; Bhutan won 4-0.

    Fuente: Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · recuerdo

  6. They won 2-1 in a World Cup qualifier, ten years after losing 31-0 to Australia.

    Fuente: Football Federation American Samoa (ffas.as); FIFA, 2011 qualifier report · recuerdo

  7. They won 1-0 in a World Cup qualifier.

    Fuente: Federació Andorrana de Futbol (faf.ad); UEFA, Euro 2004 qualifying · recuerdo

  8. 1990, 2002, 2004 and 2011.

    Fuente: FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and UEFA (uefa.com) match records · recuerdo

  9. 1990, 1996, 2013 and 2016.

    Fuente: UEFA, 'Member associations' (uefa.com) · recuerdo

  10. Bhutan's national stadium stands in the valley of the Wang Chhu river.

    Fuente: Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · recuerdo

7.73Football in Africa

The Black Stars, Bafana Bafana, the vuvuzela, Olympic golds, Al Ahly and Egypt's three in a row.

Test 1African footballHacer un test

  1. The black star on Ghana's flag also comes from Garvey's Black Star Line.

    Fuente: Ghana Football Association, 'Why the Black Stars?' (ghanafa.org) · recuerdo

  2. The women's team are known as Banyana Banyana, 'the girls'.

    Fuente: South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · recuerdo

  3. They are Les Éléphants; an elephant's head is also on the country's coat of arms.

    Fuente: Fédération Ivoirienne de Football, 'Les Éléphants' (fif.ci) · recuerdo

  4. Nigeria beat Argentina 3-2 in the final in Athens, Georgia.

    Fuente: Nigeria Football Federation (thenff.com); Olympics.com, Atlanta 1996 football final · recuerdo

  5. Cameroon beat Spain on penalties in the final.

    Fuente: Olympics.com, 'Sydney 2000 football final'; FECAFOOT · recuerdo

  6. The Cairo club has won more CAF titles than any other.

    Fuente: Al Ahly SC, 'African club of the century' (alahlyegypt.com); CAF · recuerdo

  7. Egypt won in 2006, 2008 and 2010.

    Fuente: Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · recuerdo

  8. 1957, 1996, 2000 and 2010.

    Fuente: CAF (cafonline.com) and Olympics.com records · recuerdo

  9. 2006, 2008 and 2010.

    Fuente: Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · recuerdo

  10. Some broadcasters filtered out the drone.

    Fuente: South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · recuerdo

7.74Football in Asia

The J.League, Zico at Kashima, the first Asian pro league, the ISL, Samurai Blue and Owairan's goal.

Test 1Asian footballHacer un test

  1. It began with ten clubs.

    Fuente: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · recuerdo

  2. He played for and later advised the club.

    Fuente: Kashima Antlers, 'Zico' (antlers.co.jp) · recuerdo

  3. It was then called the Korean Super League.

    Fuente: Korea Football Association and K League, 'History' (kleague.com) · recuerdo

  4. It brought in well-known foreign players in their thirties.

    Fuente: Indian Super League, 'About' (indiansuperleague.com) · recuerdo

  5. The women's team are called Nadeshiko Japan.

    Fuente: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · recuerdo

  6. He ran from his own half; Saudi Arabia reached the last 16.

    Fuente: Saudi Arabian Football Federation; FIFA, '1994: Owairan's goal against Belgium' (inside.fifa.com) · recuerdo

  7. They lost all three group matches.

    Fuente: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · recuerdo

  8. 1983, 1993, 2004 and 2014.

    Fuente: AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · recuerdo

  9. 1954, 1994, 1998 and 2002.

    Fuente: AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · recuerdo

  10. It is called Yatagarasu and is said to have guided an emperor.

    Fuente: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · recuerdo

7.75Football in the Americas

MLS and the NASL, Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, the Reggae Boyz, Panama and the word 'soccer'.

Test 1Football in the AmericasHacer un test

  1. He scored for the San Jose Clash against DC United.

    Fuente: Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · recuerdo

  2. It folded after the 1984 season.

    Fuente: U.S. Soccer, 'History of the NASL' (ussoccer.com) · recuerdo

  3. Iceland took the record in 2018.

    Fuente: Trinidad and Tobago Football Association; FIFA 2006 World Cup reports · recuerdo

  4. They lost all three matches in Mexico without scoring.

    Fuente: Canada Soccer, '1986 World Cup' (canadasoccer.com) · recuerdo

  5. It was the first English-speaking Caribbean side at a World Cup.

    Fuente: Jamaica Football Federation, '1998: the Reggae Boyz' (jff.com.jm) · recuerdo

  6. Felipe Baloy scored in a 6-1 defeat; fans celebrated as if they had won.

    Fuente: FEPAFUT Panama; FIFA, 2018 World Cup match report England v Panama · recuerdo

  7. DC won 3-2 after extra time in the rain at Foxborough.

    Fuente: Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · recuerdo

  8. 1968, 1986, 1996, 1998 and 2018.

    Fuente: FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · recuerdo

  9. 1986, 1998, 2006 and 2018.

    Fuente: FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · recuerdo

  10. 'Assoc' became 'soccer', to tell association football from rugger.

    Fuente: Oxford English Dictionary, 'soccer' etymology; The FA · recuerdo

7.76The Language of Football

Hat-tricks, the beautiful game, the Socceroos, La Albiceleste, El Tri, Fergie time and 'olé'.

Test 1Football words and nicknamesHacer un test

  1. A bowler who took three wickets with three balls was given a hat in 1858.

    Fuente: Marylebone Cricket Club, 'The origin of the hat-trick' (lords.org) · recuerdo

  2. He used it as the title of his 1977 autobiography.

    Fuente: Pelé, 'My Life and the Beautiful Game' (1977); FIFA · recuerdo

  3. It is also the name of the old Florentine game, calcio storico.

    Fuente: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · recuerdo

  4. 'Albiceleste' means 'white and sky blue'.

    Fuente: AFA, 'La Albiceleste' (afa.com.ar) · recuerdo

  5. The flag is green, white and red.

    Fuente: Mexican Football Federation, 'El Tri' (miseleccion.mx) · recuerdo

  6. It was named after Sir Alex Ferguson, who was often seen pointing at his watch.

    Fuente: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · recuerdo

  7. The crowd greets each pass as it would a matador's move.

    Fuente: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · recuerdo

  8. Argentina in 1930, Australia in 1974, Japan in 1998 and Ghana in 2006.

    Fuente: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · recuerdo

  9. Cricket in 1858, Oxford in the 1880s, Pelé's 1977 book and the 1990s.

    Fuente: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · recuerdo

  10. The name took hold in the 1960s and 1970s; Australia first reached a World Cup in 1974.

    Fuente: Football Australia, 'Why the Socceroos?' (footballaustralia.com.au) · recuerdo

7.77Songs and Anthems

Zadok the Priest, Three Lions, Blue Moon, Bubbles, Seven Nation Army, World in Motion and Waka Waka.

Test 1Football songsHacer un test

  1. Tony Britten adapted one of Handel's coronation anthems in 1992.

    Fuente: UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · recuerdo

  2. It was written by David Baddiel, Frank Skinner and the Lightning Seeds.

    Fuente: The FA (englandfootball.com) and Scottish FA records of official team songs · recuerdo

  3. The song was taken up in the late 1980s.

    Fuente: Manchester City, 'Blue Moon' heritage pages (mancity.com) · recuerdo

  4. The song dates from 1918 and was taken up in the 1920s.

    Fuente: West Ham United, 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles' (whufc.com) · recuerdo

  5. The riff by The White Stripes went on to Italy's 2006 World Cup and beyond.

    Fuente: Club Brugge, 'Seven Nation Army' (clubbrugge.be); UEFA · recuerdo

  6. John Barnes performed the rap.

    Fuente: The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · recuerdo

  7. She performed it at the closing ceremony in Johannesburg.

    Fuente: FIFA, 'Waka Waka, the official song of 2010' (fifa.com) · recuerdo

  8. 1970, 1978, 1990 and 1996.

    Fuente: The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · recuerdo

  9. 1918, 1992, 2003 and 2010.

    Fuente: The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · recuerdo

  10. Handel wrote it for George II's coronation in 1727.

    Fuente: UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · recuerdo

7.78Football on Page and Screen

Fever Pitch, The Damned United, Roy of the Rovers, Captain Tsubasa, Ted Lasso and Looking for Eric.

Test 1Football in books, comics and filmHacer un test

  1. It was later filmed twice, once with a baseball story.

    Fuente: Penguin Books, 'Fever Pitch' by Nick Hornby (1992) · recuerdo

  2. Spall played his assistant Peter Taylor and Meaney played Don Revie.

    Fuente: Faber & Faber, 'The Damned United' by David Peace (2006); BFI, 'The Damned United' (2009) · recuerdo

  3. The comic strip began in 1954.

    Fuente: Rebellion, 'Roy of the Rovers: 1954 to today' (royoftherovers.com) · recuerdo

  4. Players such as Alessandro Del Piero and Fernando Torres have spoken of it.

    Fuente: Shueisha, 'Captain Tsubasa' (1981); Japan Football Association · recuerdo

  5. The series began in 2020.

    Fuente: Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · recuerdo

  6. The film is about a postman who imagines Cantona giving him advice.

    Fuente: Sixteen Films, 'Looking for Eric' (Ken Loach, 2009) · recuerdo

  7. It follows a boy whose father returns from a Soviet prison camp.

    Fuente: Senator Film, 'Das Wunder von Bern' (Sönke Wortmann, 2003) · recuerdo

  8. 1954, 1981, 1992, 2006 and 2020.

    Fuente: Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · recuerdo

  9. 2003, 2005 and 2009.

    Fuente: Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · recuerdo

  10. He had coached a college team in Kansas.

    Fuente: Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · recuerdo

7.79Stands and Grounds With Stories

The Kop, the Holte End, the Gallowgate, the Shed, the Maracanã's name and Wembley's towers.

Test 1Stands and stadium namesHacer un test

  1. Spion Kop was fought in 1900; many soldiers from Lancashire died there.

    Fuente: Liverpool FC, 'The Kop and Spion Kop' (liverpoolfc.com) · recuerdo

  2. The Holte Hotel stood beside Villa Park.

    Fuente: Aston Villa, 'The Holte End' (avfc.co.uk) · recuerdo

  3. Public executions were once held there.

    Fuente: Newcastle United, 'St James' Park: the Gallowgate End' (nufc.co.uk) · recuerdo

  4. Mário Filho had campaigned for the stadium to be built in Rio.

    Fuente: Estádio do Maracanã, 'História' (maracana.com) · recuerdo

  5. The new stadium opened in 2007 with its arch instead.

    Fuente: Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · recuerdo

  6. The stadium was once called the Central Lenin Stadium.

    Fuente: Luzhniki Stadium, 'History' (luzhniki.ru) · recuerdo

  7. The roof was put up in the 1930s for the greyhound crowds.

    Fuente: Chelsea FC, 'The Shed End' (chelseafc.com) · recuerdo

  8. 1900, 1906 and 1950.

    Fuente: Club heritage pages: liverpoolfc.com, avfc.co.uk, nufc.co.uk, manutd.com, chelseafc.com · recuerdo

  9. 1950, 1956, 2003 and 2007.

    Fuente: Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · recuerdo

  10. It opened in 1923, in time for the FA Cup final.

    Fuente: Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · recuerdo

7.80Museums and Old Treasures

The National Football Museum, FIFA's museum, the Museu do Futebol, the Stirling ball and the 1858 rules.

Test 1Football museumsHacer un test

  1. It opened at Deepdale, Preston's ground, in 2001.

    Fuente: National Football Museum, 'About us' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · recuerdo

  2. It holds trophies, shirts and records from FIFA's history.

    Fuente: FIFA Museum, Zurich (fifamuseum.com) · recuerdo

  3. The museum sits under the stadium's stands.

    Fuente: Museu do Futebol, São Paulo (museudofutebol.org.br) · recuerdo

  4. It is kept at the Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum.

    Fuente: Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · recuerdo

  5. The money helped the world's oldest club.

    Fuente: Sotheby's, sale of Sheffield FC's 1858 rules (2011); Sheffield FC (sheffieldfc.com) · recuerdo

  6. Visitors also tour the stadium.

    Fuente: FC Barcelona, 'Barça Museum' (fcbarcelona.com) · recuerdo

  7. It is run by the National Football Museum.

    Fuente: National Football Museum, 'Hall of Fame' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · recuerdo

  8. 2001, 2008, 2012 and 2016.

    Fuente: National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · recuerdo

  9. The 1540s, 1858 and 1863.

    Fuente: National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · recuerdo

  10. It was found behind panelling in the Queen's Chamber in the 1970s.

    Fuente: Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · recuerdo

Fuentes

Fuentes primarias y oficiales donde existen: la FIFA (fifa.com, inside.fifa.com). Varios datos de geografía y cultura se apoyan en múltiples relatos contrastados que no son de Wikipedia, ya que no se encontró una única página de archivo oficial para ellos; se señala en cada pregunta. Sin citas de Wikipedia. Parafraseado con redacción propia; preguntas originales redactadas.

  • Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms'5
  • Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co)4
  • The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs3
  • Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com)3
  • Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA2
  • Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA2
  • South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports2
  • Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records2
  • AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records2
  • Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com)2
  • FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records2
  • UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com)2
  • Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020)2
  • Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+)2
  • Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk)2
  • National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories2
  • Historias contrastadas de los recuentos de miembros de la FIFA y la ONU1
  • Historias contrastadas del reconocimiento del cuju por la FIFA1
  • Historias contrastadas del Estadio Rungrado 1.º de Mayo1
  • Historias contrastadas del Estadio Hernando Siles1
  • Historias contrastadas del apodo Oranje1
  • Reportajes contrastados sobre la clasificación de Islandia para el Mundial de 20181
  • Historias contrastadas de la camiseta amarilla de Brasil1
  • FIFA, inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/news/statement-by-fifa-and-the-six-confederations1
  • Historias contrastadas del Calcio Storico Fiorentino1
  • Reportajes contrastados sobre la primera victoria de San Marino en un partido oficial, en 20241
  • Gibraltar FA, 'UEFA membership 2013' (gibraltarfa.com); UEFA1
  • Football Federation of Kosovo (ffk-kosova.com); FIFA and UEFA congress decisions, May 20161
  • Football Federation American Samoa (ffas.as); FIFA, 2011 qualifier report1
  • Federació Andorrana de Futbol (faf.ad); UEFA, Euro 2004 qualifying1
  • FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and UEFA (uefa.com) match records1
  • UEFA, 'Member associations' (uefa.com)1
  • Ghana Football Association, 'Why the Black Stars?' (ghanafa.org)1
  • Fédération Ivoirienne de Football, 'Les Éléphants' (fif.ci)1
  • Nigeria Football Federation (thenff.com); Olympics.com, Atlanta 1996 football final1
  • Olympics.com, 'Sydney 2000 football final'; FECAFOOT1
  • Al Ahly SC, 'African club of the century' (alahlyegypt.com); CAF1
  • CAF (cafonline.com) and Olympics.com records1
  • Kashima Antlers, 'Zico' (antlers.co.jp)1
  • Korea Football Association and K League, 'History' (kleague.com)1
  • Indian Super League, 'About' (indiansuperleague.com)1
  • Saudi Arabian Football Federation; FIFA, '1994: Owairan's goal against Belgium' (inside.fifa.com)1
  • U.S. Soccer, 'History of the NASL' (ussoccer.com)1
  • Trinidad and Tobago Football Association; FIFA 2006 World Cup reports1
  • Canada Soccer, '1986 World Cup' (canadasoccer.com)1
  • Jamaica Football Federation, '1998: the Reggae Boyz' (jff.com.jm)1
  • FEPAFUT Panama; FIFA, 2018 World Cup match report England v Panama1
  • Oxford English Dictionary, 'soccer' etymology; The FA1
  • Marylebone Cricket Club, 'The origin of the hat-trick' (lords.org)1
  • Pelé, 'My Life and the Beautiful Game' (1977); FIFA1
  • AFA, 'La Albiceleste' (afa.com.ar)1
  • Mexican Football Federation, 'El Tri' (miseleccion.mx)1
  • Football Australia, 'Why the Socceroos?' (footballaustralia.com.au)1
  • The FA (englandfootball.com) and Scottish FA records of official team songs1
  • Manchester City, 'Blue Moon' heritage pages (mancity.com)1
  • West Ham United, 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles' (whufc.com)1
  • Club Brugge, 'Seven Nation Army' (clubbrugge.be); UEFA1
  • FIFA, 'Waka Waka, the official song of 2010' (fifa.com)1
  • Penguin Books, 'Fever Pitch' by Nick Hornby (1992)1
  • Faber & Faber, 'The Damned United' by David Peace (2006); BFI, 'The Damned United' (2009)1
  • Rebellion, 'Roy of the Rovers: 1954 to today' (royoftherovers.com)1
  • Shueisha, 'Captain Tsubasa' (1981); Japan Football Association1
  • Sixteen Films, 'Looking for Eric' (Ken Loach, 2009)1
  • Senator Film, 'Das Wunder von Bern' (Sönke Wortmann, 2003)1
  • Liverpool FC, 'The Kop and Spion Kop' (liverpoolfc.com)1
  • Aston Villa, 'The Holte End' (avfc.co.uk)1
  • Newcastle United, 'St James' Park: the Gallowgate End' (nufc.co.uk)1
  • Estádio do Maracanã, 'História' (maracana.com)1
  • Luzhniki Stadium, 'History' (luzhniki.ru)1
  • Chelsea FC, 'The Shed End' (chelseafc.com)1
  • Club heritage pages: liverpoolfc.com, avfc.co.uk, nufc.co.uk, manutd.com, chelseafc.com1
  • National Football Museum, 'About us' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)1
  • FIFA Museum, Zurich (fifamuseum.com)1
  • Museu do Futebol, São Paulo (museudofutebol.org.br)1
  • Sotheby's, sale of Sheffield FC's 1858 rules (2011); Sheffield FC (sheffieldfc.com)1
  • FC Barcelona, 'Barça Museum' (fcbarcelona.com)1
  • National Football Museum, 'Hall of Fame' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)1