第7章：地理与文化

国际足联的211个会员协会中，包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和香港等并非联合国主权会员国的地区，会员数量超过联合国的193个国家。

来源：经交叉核对的 FIFA 与联合国成员数量历史记述 · 记忆

国际足联把蹴鞠视为最早类似足球的游戏的证据。蹴鞠是一种以皮球为对象的踢球游戏，最早见于汉代的记载。

来源：经交叉核对的蹴鞠获 FIFA 认可历史记述 · 记忆

绫罗岛五一体育场于1989年启用，2014年翻新后可容纳约114,000人，是世界上容量最大的足球场。

来源：经交叉核对的 Rungrado 5月1日体育场历史记述 · 记忆

拉巴斯的埃尔南多·西莱斯体育场海拔约3600米，是国际足球赛场中海拔最高的球场之一。

来源：经交叉核对的 Estadio Hernando Siles 历史记述 · 记忆

荷兰队身穿橙色球衣，“Oranje”（橙色军团）的绰号来自奥兰治-拿骚王室，这个王室是奥兰治的威廉的后裔。

来源：经交叉核对的荷兰队“Oranje”绰号历史记述 · 记忆

冰岛人口约335,000，击败科索沃，晋级2018年世界杯，是有史以来进入这项赛事的国家中人口最少的，优势明显。

来源：经交叉核对的冰岛2018年世界杯晋级报道 · 记忆

巴西队的白色球衣被认为是1950年世界杯决赛失利的原因，1953年一场报纸征集活动由此诞生了黄色球衣，因其颜色而得名“Canarinho”（小金丝雀）。

来源：经交叉核对的巴西队黄色球衣历史记述 · 记忆

国际足联的211个会员协会分属六个洲际联合会之一：UEFA、CONMEBOL、CONCACAF、CAF、AFC和OFC。

来源：FIFA, inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/news/statement-by-fifa-and-the-six-confederations · 记忆

佛罗伦萨古式足球（Calcio Storico Fiorentino）至少可追溯到15世纪晚期，1580年正式确立规则，如今每年6月仍在佛罗伦萨举行，由来自该市四个历史街区的球队参赛。

来源：经交叉核对的 Calcio Storico Fiorentino 历史记述 · 记忆

2024年9月5日，圣马力诺在欧国联中以1:0击败列支敦士登，取得队史首场正式比赛胜利：此前该队在176场正式比赛中的战绩是171负5平。

来源：经交叉核对的圣马力诺2024年首场正式比赛胜利报道 · 记忆

The European Championship qualifier was played in Landskrona, Sweden, because the islands had no grass pitch good enough.

来源：Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · 记忆

UEFA would not allow the match on the islands' artificial pitches.

来源：Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · 记忆

Its national team played its first official match against Slovakia that November.

来源：Gibraltar FA, 'UEFA membership 2013' (gibraltarfa.com); UEFA · 记忆

Both votes came in May 2016.

来源：Football Federation of Kosovo (ffk-kosova.com); FIFA and UEFA congress decisions, May 2016 · 记忆

The two lowest-ranked sides in the world met on the day of the Yokohama final; Bhutan won 4-0.

来源：Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · 记忆

They won 2-1 in a World Cup qualifier, ten years after losing 31-0 to Australia.

来源：Football Federation American Samoa (ffas.as); FIFA, 2011 qualifier report · 记忆

They won 1-0 in a World Cup qualifier.

来源：Federació Andorrana de Futbol (faf.ad); UEFA, Euro 2004 qualifying · 记忆

1990, 2002, 2004 and 2011.

来源：FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and UEFA (uefa.com) match records · 记忆

1990, 1996, 2013 and 2016.

来源：UEFA, 'Member associations' (uefa.com) · 记忆

Bhutan's national stadium stands in the valley of the Wang Chhu river.

来源：Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · 记忆

The black star on Ghana's flag also comes from Garvey's Black Star Line.

来源：Ghana Football Association, 'Why the Black Stars?' (ghanafa.org) · 记忆

The women's team are known as Banyana Banyana, 'the girls'.

来源：South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · 记忆

They are Les Éléphants; an elephant's head is also on the country's coat of arms.

来源：Fédération Ivoirienne de Football, 'Les Éléphants' (fif.ci) · 记忆

Nigeria beat Argentina 3-2 in the final in Athens, Georgia.

来源：Nigeria Football Federation (thenff.com); Olympics.com, Atlanta 1996 football final · 记忆

Cameroon beat Spain on penalties in the final.

来源：Olympics.com, 'Sydney 2000 football final'; FECAFOOT · 记忆

The Cairo club has won more CAF titles than any other.

来源：Al Ahly SC, 'African club of the century' (alahlyegypt.com); CAF · 记忆

Egypt won in 2006, 2008 and 2010.

来源：Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · 记忆

1957, 1996, 2000 and 2010.

来源：CAF (cafonline.com) and Olympics.com records · 记忆

2006, 2008 and 2010.

来源：Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · 记忆

Some broadcasters filtered out the drone.

来源：South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · 记忆

It began with ten clubs.

来源：Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · 记忆

He played for and later advised the club.

来源：Kashima Antlers, 'Zico' (antlers.co.jp) · 记忆

It was then called the Korean Super League.

来源：Korea Football Association and K League, 'History' (kleague.com) · 记忆

It brought in well-known foreign players in their thirties.

来源：Indian Super League, 'About' (indiansuperleague.com) · 记忆

The women's team are called Nadeshiko Japan.

来源：Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · 记忆

He ran from his own half; Saudi Arabia reached the last 16.

来源：Saudi Arabian Football Federation; FIFA, '1994: Owairan's goal against Belgium' (inside.fifa.com) · 记忆

They lost all three group matches.

来源：Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · 记忆

1983, 1993, 2004 and 2014.

来源：AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · 记忆

1954, 1994, 1998 and 2002.

来源：AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · 记忆

It is called Yatagarasu and is said to have guided an emperor.

来源：Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · 记忆

He scored for the San Jose Clash against DC United.

来源：Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · 记忆

It folded after the 1984 season.

来源：U.S. Soccer, 'History of the NASL' (ussoccer.com) · 记忆

Iceland took the record in 2018.

来源：Trinidad and Tobago Football Association; FIFA 2006 World Cup reports · 记忆

They lost all three matches in Mexico without scoring.

来源：Canada Soccer, '1986 World Cup' (canadasoccer.com) · 记忆

It was the first English-speaking Caribbean side at a World Cup.

来源：Jamaica Football Federation, '1998: the Reggae Boyz' (jff.com.jm) · 记忆

Felipe Baloy scored in a 6-1 defeat; fans celebrated as if they had won.

来源：FEPAFUT Panama; FIFA, 2018 World Cup match report England v Panama · 记忆

DC won 3-2 after extra time in the rain at Foxborough.

来源：Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · 记忆

1968, 1986, 1996, 1998 and 2018.

来源：FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · 记忆

1986, 1998, 2006 and 2018.

来源：FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · 记忆

'Assoc' became 'soccer', to tell association football from rugger.

来源：Oxford English Dictionary, 'soccer' etymology; The FA · 记忆

A bowler who took three wickets with three balls was given a hat in 1858.

来源：Marylebone Cricket Club, 'The origin of the hat-trick' (lords.org) · 记忆

He used it as the title of his 1977 autobiography.

来源：Pelé, 'My Life and the Beautiful Game' (1977); FIFA · 记忆

It is also the name of the old Florentine game, calcio storico.

来源：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 记忆

'Albiceleste' means 'white and sky blue'.

来源：AFA, 'La Albiceleste' (afa.com.ar) · 记忆

The flag is green, white and red.

来源：Mexican Football Federation, 'El Tri' (miseleccion.mx) · 记忆

It was named after Sir Alex Ferguson, who was often seen pointing at his watch.

来源：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 记忆

The crowd greets each pass as it would a matador's move.

来源：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 记忆

Argentina in 1930, Australia in 1974, Japan in 1998 and Ghana in 2006.

来源：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 记忆

Cricket in 1858, Oxford in the 1880s, Pelé's 1977 book and the 1990s.

来源：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 记忆

The name took hold in the 1960s and 1970s; Australia first reached a World Cup in 1974.

来源：Football Australia, 'Why the Socceroos?' (footballaustralia.com.au) · 记忆

Tony Britten adapted one of Handel's coronation anthems in 1992.

来源：UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · 记忆

It was written by David Baddiel, Frank Skinner and the Lightning Seeds.

来源：The FA (englandfootball.com) and Scottish FA records of official team songs · 记忆

The song was taken up in the late 1980s.

来源：Manchester City, 'Blue Moon' heritage pages (mancity.com) · 记忆

The song dates from 1918 and was taken up in the 1920s.

来源：West Ham United, 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles' (whufc.com) · 记忆

The riff by The White Stripes went on to Italy's 2006 World Cup and beyond.

来源：Club Brugge, 'Seven Nation Army' (clubbrugge.be); UEFA · 记忆

John Barnes performed the rap.

来源：The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · 记忆

She performed it at the closing ceremony in Johannesburg.

来源：FIFA, 'Waka Waka, the official song of 2010' (fifa.com) · 记忆

1970, 1978, 1990 and 1996.

来源：The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · 记忆

1918, 1992, 2003 and 2010.

来源：The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · 记忆

Handel wrote it for George II's coronation in 1727.

来源：UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · 记忆

It was later filmed twice, once with a baseball story.

来源：Penguin Books, 'Fever Pitch' by Nick Hornby (1992) · 记忆

Spall played his assistant Peter Taylor and Meaney played Don Revie.

来源：Faber & Faber, 'The Damned United' by David Peace (2006); BFI, 'The Damned United' (2009) · 记忆

The comic strip began in 1954.

来源：Rebellion, 'Roy of the Rovers: 1954 to today' (royoftherovers.com) · 记忆

Players such as Alessandro Del Piero and Fernando Torres have spoken of it.

来源：Shueisha, 'Captain Tsubasa' (1981); Japan Football Association · 记忆

The series began in 2020.

来源：Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · 记忆

The film is about a postman who imagines Cantona giving him advice.

来源：Sixteen Films, 'Looking for Eric' (Ken Loach, 2009) · 记忆

It follows a boy whose father returns from a Soviet prison camp.

来源：Senator Film, 'Das Wunder von Bern' (Sönke Wortmann, 2003) · 记忆

1954, 1981, 1992, 2006 and 2020.

来源：Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · 记忆

2003, 2005 and 2009.

来源：Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · 记忆

He had coached a college team in Kansas.

来源：Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · 记忆

Spion Kop was fought in 1900; many soldiers from Lancashire died there.

来源：Liverpool FC, 'The Kop and Spion Kop' (liverpoolfc.com) · 记忆

The Holte Hotel stood beside Villa Park.

来源：Aston Villa, 'The Holte End' (avfc.co.uk) · 记忆

Public executions were once held there.

来源：Newcastle United, 'St James' Park: the Gallowgate End' (nufc.co.uk) · 记忆

Mário Filho had campaigned for the stadium to be built in Rio.

来源：Estádio do Maracanã, 'História' (maracana.com) · 记忆

The new stadium opened in 2007 with its arch instead.

来源：Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · 记忆

The stadium was once called the Central Lenin Stadium.

来源：Luzhniki Stadium, 'History' (luzhniki.ru) · 记忆

The roof was put up in the 1930s for the greyhound crowds.

来源：Chelsea FC, 'The Shed End' (chelseafc.com) · 记忆

1900, 1906 and 1950.

来源：Club heritage pages: liverpoolfc.com, avfc.co.uk, nufc.co.uk, manutd.com, chelseafc.com · 记忆

1950, 1956, 2003 and 2007.

来源：Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · 记忆

It opened in 1923, in time for the FA Cup final.

来源：Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · 记忆

It opened at Deepdale, Preston's ground, in 2001.

来源：National Football Museum, 'About us' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · 记忆

It holds trophies, shirts and records from FIFA's history.

来源：FIFA Museum, Zurich (fifamuseum.com) · 记忆

The museum sits under the stadium's stands.

来源：Museu do Futebol, São Paulo (museudofutebol.org.br) · 记忆

It is kept at the Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum.

来源：Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · 记忆

The money helped the world's oldest club.

来源：Sotheby's, sale of Sheffield FC's 1858 rules (2011); Sheffield FC (sheffieldfc.com) · 记忆

Visitors also tour the stadium.

来源：FC Barcelona, 'Barça Museum' (fcbarcelona.com) · 记忆

It is run by the National Football Museum.

来源：National Football Museum, 'Hall of Fame' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · 记忆

2001, 2008, 2012 and 2016.

来源：National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · 记忆

The 1540s, 1858 and 1863.

来源：National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · 记忆

It was found behind panelling in the Queen's Chamber in the 1970s.

来源：Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · 记忆