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Football · Faits intéressants

Chapitre 7 : Géographie et culture

10 tests · 100 faits · mis à jour le 23 octobre 2026 · markdown

Where football is played and how it shaped culture: FIFA's footprint, football's smallest nations, Africa, Asia and the Americas, the language of the game, songs and anthems, football on screen and in books, stands with stories and the museums that keep its treasures.

7.71L'empreinte mondiale du football

Jusqu'où s'étend l'instance dirigeante du football, où se trouvent géographiquement les racines et les records du jeu, et la culture derrière deux surnoms célèbres de sélections nationales.

Test 1Rayonnement de la FIFA, géographie du football et culture des sélections nationalesFaire un test

  1. Les 211 membres de la FIFA comprennent des territoires comme l'Angleterre, l'Écosse, le pays de Galles et Hong Kong, qui ne sont pas des États souverains membres de l'ONU, soit plus que les 193 États de l'ONU.

    Source : Historiques recoupés du nombre de membres de la FIFA et de l'ONU · restitution

  2. La FIFA cite le cuju, un jeu consistant à frapper une balle en cuir, attesté depuis l'époque de la dynastie Han, comme la plus ancienne preuve d'un jeu ressemblant au football.

    Source : Historiques recoupés de la reconnaissance du cuju par la FIFA · restitution

  3. Inauguré en 1989, le stade du 1er-Mai de Rungrado peut accueillir environ 114 000 spectateurs depuis sa rénovation de 2014, ce qui en fait le plus grand stade de football du monde par sa capacité.

    Source : Historiques recoupés du stade Rungrado du 1er Mai · restitution

  4. L'Estadio Hernando Siles, à La Paz, se situe à environ 3 600 mètres d'altitude, ce qui en fait l'une des enceintes les plus hautes du football international.

    Source : Historiques recoupés de l'Estadio Hernando Siles · restitution

  5. L'équipe des Pays-Bas joue en orange et tire son surnom « Oranje » de la maison d'Orange-Nassau, la famille royale issue de Guillaume d'Orange.

    Source : Historiques recoupés du surnom d'Oranje · restitution

  6. Avec une population d'environ 335 000 habitants, l'Islande a battu le Kosovo pour se qualifier pour la Coupe du monde 2018, et reste de loin la plus petite nation à avoir atteint le tournoi.

    Source : Reportages recoupés sur la qualification de l'Islande pour la Coupe du monde 2018 · restitution

  7. Après que le maillot blanc du Brésil a été tenu pour responsable de la défaite en finale de la Coupe du monde 1950, un concours organisé par un journal en 1953 a donné naissance au maillot jaune, surnommé « Canarinho » (petit canari) en raison de sa couleur.

    Source : Historiques recoupés du maillot jaune du Brésil · restitution

  8. Les 211 membres de la FIFA appartiennent à l'une des six confédérations : UEFA, CONMEBOL, CONCACAF, CAF, AFC et OFC.

    Source : FIFA, inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/news/statement-by-fifa-and-the-six-confederations · restitution

  9. Attesté depuis la fin du XVe siècle au moins et codifié officiellement en 1580, le Calcio Storico Fiorentino se joue encore chaque mois de juin à Florence, entre les équipes des quatre quartiers historiques de la ville.

    Source : Historiques recoupés du Calcio Storico Fiorentino · restitution

  10. Saint-Marin a battu le Liechtenstein 1-0 le 5 septembre 2024 en Ligue des nations, sa première victoire en match officiel : auparavant, son bilan en compétition était de 171 défaites et cinq nuls en 176 matchs.

    Source : Reportages recoupés sur la première victoire officielle de Saint-Marin en 2024 · restitution

7.72Football's Smallest Nations

The Faroe Islands' first win, Gibraltar and Kosovo, the Other Final, American Samoa and Andorra.

Test 1Small football nationsFaire un test

  1. The European Championship qualifier was played in Landskrona, Sweden, because the islands had no grass pitch good enough.

    Source : Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · restitution

  2. UEFA would not allow the match on the islands' artificial pitches.

    Source : Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · restitution

  3. Its national team played its first official match against Slovakia that November.

    Source : Gibraltar FA, 'UEFA membership 2013' (gibraltarfa.com); UEFA · restitution

  4. Both votes came in May 2016.

    Source : Football Federation of Kosovo (ffk-kosova.com); FIFA and UEFA congress decisions, May 2016 · restitution

  5. The two lowest-ranked sides in the world met on the day of the Yokohama final; Bhutan won 4-0.

    Source : Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · restitution

  6. They won 2-1 in a World Cup qualifier, ten years after losing 31-0 to Australia.

    Source : Football Federation American Samoa (ffas.as); FIFA, 2011 qualifier report · restitution

  7. They won 1-0 in a World Cup qualifier.

    Source : Federació Andorrana de Futbol (faf.ad); UEFA, Euro 2004 qualifying · restitution

  8. 1990, 2002, 2004 and 2011.

    Source : FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and UEFA (uefa.com) match records · restitution

  9. 1990, 1996, 2013 and 2016.

    Source : UEFA, 'Member associations' (uefa.com) · restitution

  10. Bhutan's national stadium stands in the valley of the Wang Chhu river.

    Source : Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · restitution

7.73Football in Africa

The Black Stars, Bafana Bafana, the vuvuzela, Olympic golds, Al Ahly and Egypt's three in a row.

Test 1African footballFaire un test

  1. The black star on Ghana's flag also comes from Garvey's Black Star Line.

    Source : Ghana Football Association, 'Why the Black Stars?' (ghanafa.org) · restitution

  2. The women's team are known as Banyana Banyana, 'the girls'.

    Source : South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · restitution

  3. They are Les Éléphants; an elephant's head is also on the country's coat of arms.

    Source : Fédération Ivoirienne de Football, 'Les Éléphants' (fif.ci) · restitution

  4. Nigeria beat Argentina 3-2 in the final in Athens, Georgia.

    Source : Nigeria Football Federation (thenff.com); Olympics.com, Atlanta 1996 football final · restitution

  5. Cameroon beat Spain on penalties in the final.

    Source : Olympics.com, 'Sydney 2000 football final'; FECAFOOT · restitution

  6. The Cairo club has won more CAF titles than any other.

    Source : Al Ahly SC, 'African club of the century' (alahlyegypt.com); CAF · restitution

  7. Egypt won in 2006, 2008 and 2010.

    Source : Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · restitution

  8. 1957, 1996, 2000 and 2010.

    Source : CAF (cafonline.com) and Olympics.com records · restitution

  9. 2006, 2008 and 2010.

    Source : Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · restitution

  10. Some broadcasters filtered out the drone.

    Source : South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · restitution

7.74Football in Asia

The J.League, Zico at Kashima, the first Asian pro league, the ISL, Samurai Blue and Owairan's goal.

Test 1Asian footballFaire un test

  1. It began with ten clubs.

    Source : Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · restitution

  2. He played for and later advised the club.

    Source : Kashima Antlers, 'Zico' (antlers.co.jp) · restitution

  3. It was then called the Korean Super League.

    Source : Korea Football Association and K League, 'History' (kleague.com) · restitution

  4. It brought in well-known foreign players in their thirties.

    Source : Indian Super League, 'About' (indiansuperleague.com) · restitution

  5. The women's team are called Nadeshiko Japan.

    Source : Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · restitution

  6. He ran from his own half; Saudi Arabia reached the last 16.

    Source : Saudi Arabian Football Federation; FIFA, '1994: Owairan's goal against Belgium' (inside.fifa.com) · restitution

  7. They lost all three group matches.

    Source : Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · restitution

  8. 1983, 1993, 2004 and 2014.

    Source : AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · restitution

  9. 1954, 1994, 1998 and 2002.

    Source : AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · restitution

  10. It is called Yatagarasu and is said to have guided an emperor.

    Source : Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · restitution

7.75Football in the Americas

MLS and the NASL, Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, the Reggae Boyz, Panama and the word 'soccer'.

Test 1Football in the AmericasFaire un test

  1. He scored for the San Jose Clash against DC United.

    Source : Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · restitution

  2. It folded after the 1984 season.

    Source : U.S. Soccer, 'History of the NASL' (ussoccer.com) · restitution

  3. Iceland took the record in 2018.

    Source : Trinidad and Tobago Football Association; FIFA 2006 World Cup reports · restitution

  4. They lost all three matches in Mexico without scoring.

    Source : Canada Soccer, '1986 World Cup' (canadasoccer.com) · restitution

  5. It was the first English-speaking Caribbean side at a World Cup.

    Source : Jamaica Football Federation, '1998: the Reggae Boyz' (jff.com.jm) · restitution

  6. Felipe Baloy scored in a 6-1 defeat; fans celebrated as if they had won.

    Source : FEPAFUT Panama; FIFA, 2018 World Cup match report England v Panama · restitution

  7. DC won 3-2 after extra time in the rain at Foxborough.

    Source : Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · restitution

  8. 1968, 1986, 1996, 1998 and 2018.

    Source : FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · restitution

  9. 1986, 1998, 2006 and 2018.

    Source : FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · restitution

  10. 'Assoc' became 'soccer', to tell association football from rugger.

    Source : Oxford English Dictionary, 'soccer' etymology; The FA · restitution

7.76The Language of Football

Hat-tricks, the beautiful game, the Socceroos, La Albiceleste, El Tri, Fergie time and 'olé'.

Test 1Football words and nicknamesFaire un test

  1. A bowler who took three wickets with three balls was given a hat in 1858.

    Source : Marylebone Cricket Club, 'The origin of the hat-trick' (lords.org) · restitution

  2. He used it as the title of his 1977 autobiography.

    Source : Pelé, 'My Life and the Beautiful Game' (1977); FIFA · restitution

  3. It is also the name of the old Florentine game, calcio storico.

    Source : Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · restitution

  4. 'Albiceleste' means 'white and sky blue'.

    Source : AFA, 'La Albiceleste' (afa.com.ar) · restitution

  5. The flag is green, white and red.

    Source : Mexican Football Federation, 'El Tri' (miseleccion.mx) · restitution

  6. It was named after Sir Alex Ferguson, who was often seen pointing at his watch.

    Source : Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · restitution

  7. The crowd greets each pass as it would a matador's move.

    Source : Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · restitution

  8. Argentina in 1930, Australia in 1974, Japan in 1998 and Ghana in 2006.

    Source : Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · restitution

  9. Cricket in 1858, Oxford in the 1880s, Pelé's 1977 book and the 1990s.

    Source : Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · restitution

  10. The name took hold in the 1960s and 1970s; Australia first reached a World Cup in 1974.

    Source : Football Australia, 'Why the Socceroos?' (footballaustralia.com.au) · restitution

7.77Songs and Anthems

Zadok the Priest, Three Lions, Blue Moon, Bubbles, Seven Nation Army, World in Motion and Waka Waka.

Test 1Football songsFaire un test

  1. Tony Britten adapted one of Handel's coronation anthems in 1992.

    Source : UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · restitution

  2. It was written by David Baddiel, Frank Skinner and the Lightning Seeds.

    Source : The FA (englandfootball.com) and Scottish FA records of official team songs · restitution

  3. The song was taken up in the late 1980s.

    Source : Manchester City, 'Blue Moon' heritage pages (mancity.com) · restitution

  4. The song dates from 1918 and was taken up in the 1920s.

    Source : West Ham United, 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles' (whufc.com) · restitution

  5. The riff by The White Stripes went on to Italy's 2006 World Cup and beyond.

    Source : Club Brugge, 'Seven Nation Army' (clubbrugge.be); UEFA · restitution

  6. John Barnes performed the rap.

    Source : The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · restitution

  7. She performed it at the closing ceremony in Johannesburg.

    Source : FIFA, 'Waka Waka, the official song of 2010' (fifa.com) · restitution

  8. 1970, 1978, 1990 and 1996.

    Source : The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · restitution

  9. 1918, 1992, 2003 and 2010.

    Source : The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · restitution

  10. Handel wrote it for George II's coronation in 1727.

    Source : UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · restitution

7.78Football on Page and Screen

Fever Pitch, The Damned United, Roy of the Rovers, Captain Tsubasa, Ted Lasso and Looking for Eric.

Test 1Football in books, comics and filmFaire un test

  1. It was later filmed twice, once with a baseball story.

    Source : Penguin Books, 'Fever Pitch' by Nick Hornby (1992) · restitution

  2. Spall played his assistant Peter Taylor and Meaney played Don Revie.

    Source : Faber & Faber, 'The Damned United' by David Peace (2006); BFI, 'The Damned United' (2009) · restitution

  3. The comic strip began in 1954.

    Source : Rebellion, 'Roy of the Rovers: 1954 to today' (royoftherovers.com) · restitution

  4. Players such as Alessandro Del Piero and Fernando Torres have spoken of it.

    Source : Shueisha, 'Captain Tsubasa' (1981); Japan Football Association · restitution

  5. The series began in 2020.

    Source : Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · restitution

  6. The film is about a postman who imagines Cantona giving him advice.

    Source : Sixteen Films, 'Looking for Eric' (Ken Loach, 2009) · restitution

  7. It follows a boy whose father returns from a Soviet prison camp.

    Source : Senator Film, 'Das Wunder von Bern' (Sönke Wortmann, 2003) · restitution

  8. 1954, 1981, 1992, 2006 and 2020.

    Source : Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · restitution

  9. 2003, 2005 and 2009.

    Source : Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · restitution

  10. He had coached a college team in Kansas.

    Source : Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · restitution

7.79Stands and Grounds With Stories

The Kop, the Holte End, the Gallowgate, the Shed, the Maracanã's name and Wembley's towers.

Test 1Stands and stadium namesFaire un test

  1. Spion Kop was fought in 1900; many soldiers from Lancashire died there.

    Source : Liverpool FC, 'The Kop and Spion Kop' (liverpoolfc.com) · restitution

  2. The Holte Hotel stood beside Villa Park.

    Source : Aston Villa, 'The Holte End' (avfc.co.uk) · restitution

  3. Public executions were once held there.

    Source : Newcastle United, 'St James' Park: the Gallowgate End' (nufc.co.uk) · restitution

  4. Mário Filho had campaigned for the stadium to be built in Rio.

    Source : Estádio do Maracanã, 'História' (maracana.com) · restitution

  5. The new stadium opened in 2007 with its arch instead.

    Source : Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · restitution

  6. The stadium was once called the Central Lenin Stadium.

    Source : Luzhniki Stadium, 'History' (luzhniki.ru) · restitution

  7. The roof was put up in the 1930s for the greyhound crowds.

    Source : Chelsea FC, 'The Shed End' (chelseafc.com) · restitution

  8. 1900, 1906 and 1950.

    Source : Club heritage pages: liverpoolfc.com, avfc.co.uk, nufc.co.uk, manutd.com, chelseafc.com · restitution

  9. 1950, 1956, 2003 and 2007.

    Source : Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · restitution

  10. It opened in 1923, in time for the FA Cup final.

    Source : Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · restitution

7.80Museums and Old Treasures

The National Football Museum, FIFA's museum, the Museu do Futebol, the Stirling ball and the 1858 rules.

Test 1Football museumsFaire un test

  1. It opened at Deepdale, Preston's ground, in 2001.

    Source : National Football Museum, 'About us' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · restitution

  2. It holds trophies, shirts and records from FIFA's history.

    Source : FIFA Museum, Zurich (fifamuseum.com) · restitution

  3. The museum sits under the stadium's stands.

    Source : Museu do Futebol, São Paulo (museudofutebol.org.br) · restitution

  4. It is kept at the Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum.

    Source : Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · restitution

  5. The money helped the world's oldest club.

    Source : Sotheby's, sale of Sheffield FC's 1858 rules (2011); Sheffield FC (sheffieldfc.com) · restitution

  6. Visitors also tour the stadium.

    Source : FC Barcelona, 'Barça Museum' (fcbarcelona.com) · restitution

  7. It is run by the National Football Museum.

    Source : National Football Museum, 'Hall of Fame' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · restitution

  8. 2001, 2008, 2012 and 2016.

    Source : National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · restitution

  9. The 1540s, 1858 and 1863.

    Source : National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · restitution

  10. It was found behind panelling in the Queen's Chamber in the 1970s.

    Source : Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · restitution

Sources

Sources primaires et officielles lorsqu'elles existent : FIFA (fifa.com, inside.fifa.com). Plusieurs faits de géographie et de culture s'appuient sur plusieurs récits recoupés ne provenant pas de Wikipédia, faute d'avoir trouvé une page d'archives officielle unique – signalé pour chaque question. Aucune citation de Wikipédia. Reformulé avec nos propres mots ; questions originales rédigées.

  • Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms'5
  • Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co)4
  • The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs3
  • Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com)3
  • Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA2
  • Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA2
  • South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports2
  • Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records2
  • AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records2
  • Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com)2
  • FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records2
  • UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com)2
  • Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020)2
  • Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+)2
  • Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk)2
  • National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories2
  • Historiques recoupés du nombre de membres de la FIFA et de l'ONU1
  • Historiques recoupés de la reconnaissance du cuju par la FIFA1
  • Historiques recoupés du stade Rungrado du 1er Mai1
  • Historiques recoupés de l'Estadio Hernando Siles1
  • Historiques recoupés du surnom d'Oranje1
  • Reportages recoupés sur la qualification de l'Islande pour la Coupe du monde 20181
  • Historiques recoupés du maillot jaune du Brésil1
  • FIFA, inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/news/statement-by-fifa-and-the-six-confederations1
  • Historiques recoupés du Calcio Storico Fiorentino1
  • Reportages recoupés sur la première victoire officielle de Saint-Marin en 20241
  • Gibraltar FA, 'UEFA membership 2013' (gibraltarfa.com); UEFA1
  • Football Federation of Kosovo (ffk-kosova.com); FIFA and UEFA congress decisions, May 20161
  • Football Federation American Samoa (ffas.as); FIFA, 2011 qualifier report1
  • Federació Andorrana de Futbol (faf.ad); UEFA, Euro 2004 qualifying1
  • FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and UEFA (uefa.com) match records1
  • UEFA, 'Member associations' (uefa.com)1
  • Ghana Football Association, 'Why the Black Stars?' (ghanafa.org)1
  • Fédération Ivoirienne de Football, 'Les Éléphants' (fif.ci)1
  • Nigeria Football Federation (thenff.com); Olympics.com, Atlanta 1996 football final1
  • Olympics.com, 'Sydney 2000 football final'; FECAFOOT1
  • Al Ahly SC, 'African club of the century' (alahlyegypt.com); CAF1
  • CAF (cafonline.com) and Olympics.com records1
  • Kashima Antlers, 'Zico' (antlers.co.jp)1
  • Korea Football Association and K League, 'History' (kleague.com)1
  • Indian Super League, 'About' (indiansuperleague.com)1
  • Saudi Arabian Football Federation; FIFA, '1994: Owairan's goal against Belgium' (inside.fifa.com)1
  • U.S. Soccer, 'History of the NASL' (ussoccer.com)1
  • Trinidad and Tobago Football Association; FIFA 2006 World Cup reports1
  • Canada Soccer, '1986 World Cup' (canadasoccer.com)1
  • Jamaica Football Federation, '1998: the Reggae Boyz' (jff.com.jm)1
  • FEPAFUT Panama; FIFA, 2018 World Cup match report England v Panama1
  • Oxford English Dictionary, 'soccer' etymology; The FA1
  • Marylebone Cricket Club, 'The origin of the hat-trick' (lords.org)1
  • Pelé, 'My Life and the Beautiful Game' (1977); FIFA1
  • AFA, 'La Albiceleste' (afa.com.ar)1
  • Mexican Football Federation, 'El Tri' (miseleccion.mx)1
  • Football Australia, 'Why the Socceroos?' (footballaustralia.com.au)1
  • The FA (englandfootball.com) and Scottish FA records of official team songs1
  • Manchester City, 'Blue Moon' heritage pages (mancity.com)1
  • West Ham United, 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles' (whufc.com)1
  • Club Brugge, 'Seven Nation Army' (clubbrugge.be); UEFA1
  • FIFA, 'Waka Waka, the official song of 2010' (fifa.com)1
  • Penguin Books, 'Fever Pitch' by Nick Hornby (1992)1
  • Faber & Faber, 'The Damned United' by David Peace (2006); BFI, 'The Damned United' (2009)1
  • Rebellion, 'Roy of the Rovers: 1954 to today' (royoftherovers.com)1
  • Shueisha, 'Captain Tsubasa' (1981); Japan Football Association1
  • Sixteen Films, 'Looking for Eric' (Ken Loach, 2009)1
  • Senator Film, 'Das Wunder von Bern' (Sönke Wortmann, 2003)1
  • Liverpool FC, 'The Kop and Spion Kop' (liverpoolfc.com)1
  • Aston Villa, 'The Holte End' (avfc.co.uk)1
  • Newcastle United, 'St James' Park: the Gallowgate End' (nufc.co.uk)1
  • Estádio do Maracanã, 'História' (maracana.com)1
  • Luzhniki Stadium, 'History' (luzhniki.ru)1
  • Chelsea FC, 'The Shed End' (chelseafc.com)1
  • Club heritage pages: liverpoolfc.com, avfc.co.uk, nufc.co.uk, manutd.com, chelseafc.com1
  • National Football Museum, 'About us' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)1
  • FIFA Museum, Zurich (fifamuseum.com)1
  • Museu do Futebol, São Paulo (museudofutebol.org.br)1
  • Sotheby's, sale of Sheffield FC's 1858 rules (2011); Sheffield FC (sheffieldfc.com)1
  • FC Barcelona, 'Barça Museum' (fcbarcelona.com)1
  • National Football Museum, 'Hall of Fame' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)1